NUR 122 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

1. The stratum germinativum contains two types of cells: ? - ANSWER keratinocytes and melanocytes 2. Keratinocytes are chiefly composed of keratin, a tough ? providing the epidermis with resistance to friction and trauma - ANSWER protein 3. Larger amounts of ? will produce darker skin and hair - ANSWER eumelanin 4. larger amounts of ? will be responsible for lighter skin and lighter hair - ANSWER pheomelanin 5. thickness of the epidermis remains constant throughout the ? and across the ? - ANSWER lifespan, genders 6. as the skin's outermost layer, the epidermis functions as the body's first line of defense against infecting ?, chemical ? and ? loss - ANSWER microorganisms, irritants, moisture 7. What muscles attach to each hair follicle, that contract in response to environmental and nervous stimuli, causing the hair and follicle to be erect - ANSWER Arrector pili 8. The shape of the hair shaft determines the curliness of hair, with oval shape producing ? hair than rounded shape - ANSWER curlier 9. The nails arise from a nail matrix in which layer of the skin, near the distal portions of each finger and toe? - ANSWER epidermal 10. The nail bed is highly ? and visible as a ? color through the transparent nail plate - ANSWER vascular, pink 11. Proliferative phase - ANSWER begins at end of the inflammatory phase and may last up to 4 weeks 12. infected - ANSWER wounds that have been exposed to contaminants 13. clean contaminated - ANSWER wounds made under sterile conditions, but involve the respiratory, gastrointestinal, genital or urinary tracts without unusual microbial proliferation 14. inflammatory phase - ANSWER begins within 30 minutes of injury and lasts approximately 2-3 days 15. clean - ANSWER wounds made under sterile conditions and not at risk for infection 16. remodeling phase - ANSWER begins at end of proliferative phase and may last as long as 2 years 17. Impaired Skin Integrity - ANSWER Altered epidermis, dermis, or both 18. Pain Related to Tissue Injury and Treatments - ANSWER the unpleasant experience subsequent to tissue damage 19. Impaired Tissue Integrity - ANSWER Damage to subcutaneous (deeper than dermis) layer, mucous membrane, or corneal tissues 20. Risk for Infection - ANSWER A consequence of a break in the skin or tissue, the body's primary defense 21. laceration - ANSWER a superficial or deep skin tear, often requiring suturing to heal correctly 22. macule - ANSWER flat, distinct, colored area of skin that is less than 10 mm in diameter and does not include a change in skin texture or thickness 23. malar rash - ANSWER red macular lesions distributed over the forehead, cheeks, and chin, resembling the pattern of a butterfly 24. nodule - ANSWER solid palpable lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter, often with some depth 25. 26. pallor - ANSWER paleness of the skin papule - ANSWER raised, defined lesion of any color, less than 1 cm in diameter 27. petechiae - ANSWER small reddish to purple macules or papules that can develop anywhere on the body in response to physical trauma 28. plaque - ANSWER raised, definition lesion of any color greater than 1 cm diameter 29. polyp - ANSWER an abnormal growth of tissue originating on a mucous membrane 30. pressure ulcer - ANSWER loss of skin surface, extending into dermis, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, muscle, bone or all of these 31. primary lesions - ANSWER reddened lesions that arise from previously normal skin and include maculae, papules, nodules, tumors, polyps, wheals, blisters, cysts, pustules, and abscesses. May be further described as non elevated, elevated solid or fluid filled 32. 33. pruritus - ANSWER itching puncture wound - ANSWER wound with greater depth than width, caused by a sharp object piercing the skin 34. purpura - ANSWER red or purple skin discolorations that do not blanch when pressure is applied, they are bleeding underneath the skin, measure 0.3 to 1.0 cm 35. pustule - ANSWER purulent fluid-filed raises lesion of any size 36. rubor - ANSWER redness of the skin, commonly as a result of inflammations 37. secondary lesions - ANSWER skin changes that appears following a secondary lesion (formation of scar tissue, crusts from dried burn vesicles) 38. self-skin examinations - ANSWER an examination of the skin that the patient himself or herself performs to identify potentially problematic lesions 39. 40. tenting - ANSWER a persistent pinch tumor - ANSWER an abnormal growth of tissue, whether malignant or benign 41. turgor - ANSWER skin ability's to change shape and return to normal (elasticity), used to asses the status of fluid loss or dehydration in the body 42. uremic frost - ANSWER precipitation of renal urea and nitrogen waste products through sweat onto the skin 43. vesicle - ANSWER fluid filled less than 1 cm in diameter 44. vitiligo - ANSWER skin condition characterized by areas of no pigmentation 45. wheal - ANSWER raised, flesh-colored or reddened edematous papules or plaques, varying in size and shape 46. wound drainage - ANSWER classified as either serous (clear) or sanguineous (bloody) 47. 48. mole - ANSWER nevus freckles - ANSWER small, flat macules of brown melanin pigment that occur on sun exposed skin 49. jaundice - ANSWER a yellow color to the skin, which indicates rising amounts of bilirubin in the skin 50. late clubbing - ANSWER elevated edge of nail, with an angle greater than 180 degrees, because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 51. vesicle - ANSWER an elevated cavity that contains free fluid, up to 1 cm in diameter 52. papule - ANSWER a solid, elevated, hard or soft lesion that is larger than 1 cm in diameter 53. 54. keloid - ANSWER a hypertrophic scar petechiae - ANSWER tiny punctuate hemorrhages, less than 2mm, round and discrete, dark red, purple or brown 55. chloasma - ANSWER an irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation on the face that may occur with pregnancy 56. 57. 58. 59. head lice - ANSWER pediculosis capitis diaphoresis - ANSWER profuse perspiration cradle cap - ANSWER seborrheic dermatitis hirsutism - ANSWER excess body hair in females 60. eczema - ANSWER atopic dermatitis 61. 62. 63. shingles - ANSWER herpes zoster ringworm of the foot - ANSWER tinea pedis abrasion - ANSWER wound caused by shear force or friction against skin, removing several layers and exposing the dermis 64. abscess - ANSWER a contained accumulation of pus within a tissue 65. avulsion - ANSWER ragged wound that occurs when trauma forces the skin to separate from underlying structures 66. blister - ANSWER a fluid-filled bubble on the skin caused by friction, burning of hypersensitivity 67. brawny skin - ANSWER skin that is dark and leathery 68. clubbing of the nails - ANSWER finding in the nails that indicates chronic hypoxia 69. coining - ANSWER a practice among Southeast Asians in which a coin or other objects is rubbed across the skin in a specific manner to treat various health concerns 70. cupping - ANSWER a cultural practice involving the placement of a cup on the skin surface, applying heat to form a vacuum 71. cyanosis - ANSWER gray or blue skin color, indicating lack of oxygen 72. cyst - ANSWER skin lesion that is distinct and walled off and which contains fluid or semisolid material 73. dysplastic nevus - ANSWER an atypical mole ecchymosis - ANSWER bruise or bruising erythema - ANSWER redness, typically due to an intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in the dilated superficial capillaries flushing - ANSWER turning red, as with fever hematoma - ANSWER collection of blood under the skin; usually results from blunt-force trauma. Hematomas are palpable lesions, and their coloration mimics that of ecchymoses jaundice - ANSWER yellowish discoloration of the skin and conjunctiva caused by a buildup of bilirubin lichenification - ANSWER accentuation of normal skin lies resembling tree bark, commonly caused by excessive scratching