SW 620A Exam 2 Questions and Answers Graded A+
Middle Childhood - Answers Ages 6 through 12
Middle Childhood - Developmental Tasks - Answers Friendship, Concrete operations, skill
learning, Self-evaluation.
Middle Childhood -Psychosocial Crisis - Answers Industry v. Inferiority
Industry - Answers An eagerness to acquire skills and perform meaningful work. During middle
childhood, many aspects of work are intrinsically motivating. The skills are new. They bring the
child closer to the capacities of adults.
Three dimensions of Industry - Answers 1. Cognitive component: The acquisition of basic skills
and knowledge that are valued by the culture.
2. Behavioral component: Ability to apply the skills and knowledge effectively through
characteristics such as concentration, perseverance, work habits, and goal directedness.
3. Affective component: The positive emotional orientation toward the acquisition and
application of skills and knowledge, such as general curiosity and desire to know, a pride in
one's efforts, and an ability to handle the distresses of failure as well as the joys of success.
Inferiority - Answers Feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy come from two sources: the
self and social
Organ Inferiority - Answers Any physical or mental limitation that prevents the acquisition or
certain skills.
Learned Helplessness - Answers A belief that success or failure have little to do with one's
effort and are largely outside one's control.
Two types of failure messaged that contribute to inferiority. - Answers 1. Criticisms of the
child's motivation or effort: Imply that, if the child had really tried, he could have avoided failure.
2. Lack of ability: Implies that the child does not have the basic aptitude to succeed. This type of
failure message is associated with learned helplessness.
Middle Childhood - Central Process - Answers Education
Education - Answers Passing on the wisdom and skills of past generations to its young. The
process through which standards are established for exemplary, acceptable, or unacceptable
performance. As a result education is the central process through which children experience the
, sense of mastery and accomplishment associated with industry and the critical feedback or
negative evaluations that are associated with inferiority.
Middle Childhood - Prime Adaptive Ego Quality - Answers Competence
Competence - Answers Belief in one's ability to make sense of an master the demands of a
situation.
The free exercise of dexterity and intelligence in the completion of tasks, unimpaired by infantile
inferiority. It is the basis for cooperative participation in technologies, and it relies, in turn, on the
logic of tools and skills.
Paths of competence - Answers 1. Daily monitoring of self esteem:
Self esteem based on current experiences of competence and social approval. For these
children, feelings of self-worth vary depending on how people who are important to them treat
them that day and on whether the child is comparing there accomplishments with someone
who is quite a bit better, about the same, or not really as competent.
2. Stable self-esteem:
Tends to have had many positive experiences of approval and competence in the past which
lead to a stable, positive sense of self-worth.
Inertia - Answers The antipathic counterpart of industry, the sense of competent mastery to be
experienced in the school age, is that inertia that constantly threatens to paralyze an individual's
productive life and is, of course, fatefully related to the inhibition of the preceding age that of
play."
Children who leave middle childhood with a sense of inertia continue to be withdrawn and
passive. They will have trouble instigating actions or changing the course of events in their lives.
As a result, they will not be likely to address challenges or problems by formulating plans of
action, evaluating them, and then executing them. Children with a sense of inertia will not
believe that they can master the challenges they face, and this, they are likely to be swept along
by the tide of events.
Middle Childhood - Friendship - Answers Friendships of middle childhood are memorable. At
this age, children describe close friends people who play together, like the same activities, share
common interests, enjoy each other's company, and count on each other for help. Peer
relationships include forming meaningful dyadic and group relationships, participating in larger
Middle Childhood - Answers Ages 6 through 12
Middle Childhood - Developmental Tasks - Answers Friendship, Concrete operations, skill
learning, Self-evaluation.
Middle Childhood -Psychosocial Crisis - Answers Industry v. Inferiority
Industry - Answers An eagerness to acquire skills and perform meaningful work. During middle
childhood, many aspects of work are intrinsically motivating. The skills are new. They bring the
child closer to the capacities of adults.
Three dimensions of Industry - Answers 1. Cognitive component: The acquisition of basic skills
and knowledge that are valued by the culture.
2. Behavioral component: Ability to apply the skills and knowledge effectively through
characteristics such as concentration, perseverance, work habits, and goal directedness.
3. Affective component: The positive emotional orientation toward the acquisition and
application of skills and knowledge, such as general curiosity and desire to know, a pride in
one's efforts, and an ability to handle the distresses of failure as well as the joys of success.
Inferiority - Answers Feelings of worthlessness and inadequacy come from two sources: the
self and social
Organ Inferiority - Answers Any physical or mental limitation that prevents the acquisition or
certain skills.
Learned Helplessness - Answers A belief that success or failure have little to do with one's
effort and are largely outside one's control.
Two types of failure messaged that contribute to inferiority. - Answers 1. Criticisms of the
child's motivation or effort: Imply that, if the child had really tried, he could have avoided failure.
2. Lack of ability: Implies that the child does not have the basic aptitude to succeed. This type of
failure message is associated with learned helplessness.
Middle Childhood - Central Process - Answers Education
Education - Answers Passing on the wisdom and skills of past generations to its young. The
process through which standards are established for exemplary, acceptable, or unacceptable
performance. As a result education is the central process through which children experience the
, sense of mastery and accomplishment associated with industry and the critical feedback or
negative evaluations that are associated with inferiority.
Middle Childhood - Prime Adaptive Ego Quality - Answers Competence
Competence - Answers Belief in one's ability to make sense of an master the demands of a
situation.
The free exercise of dexterity and intelligence in the completion of tasks, unimpaired by infantile
inferiority. It is the basis for cooperative participation in technologies, and it relies, in turn, on the
logic of tools and skills.
Paths of competence - Answers 1. Daily monitoring of self esteem:
Self esteem based on current experiences of competence and social approval. For these
children, feelings of self-worth vary depending on how people who are important to them treat
them that day and on whether the child is comparing there accomplishments with someone
who is quite a bit better, about the same, or not really as competent.
2. Stable self-esteem:
Tends to have had many positive experiences of approval and competence in the past which
lead to a stable, positive sense of self-worth.
Inertia - Answers The antipathic counterpart of industry, the sense of competent mastery to be
experienced in the school age, is that inertia that constantly threatens to paralyze an individual's
productive life and is, of course, fatefully related to the inhibition of the preceding age that of
play."
Children who leave middle childhood with a sense of inertia continue to be withdrawn and
passive. They will have trouble instigating actions or changing the course of events in their lives.
As a result, they will not be likely to address challenges or problems by formulating plans of
action, evaluating them, and then executing them. Children with a sense of inertia will not
believe that they can master the challenges they face, and this, they are likely to be swept along
by the tide of events.
Middle Childhood - Friendship - Answers Friendships of middle childhood are memorable. At
this age, children describe close friends people who play together, like the same activities, share
common interests, enjoy each other's company, and count on each other for help. Peer
relationships include forming meaningful dyadic and group relationships, participating in larger
