NUR 112 Final Exam Questions With Complete Solutions

The normal ranges for absolute counts depend on ______________ - ANSWER age, sex, and ethnicity. 2. What are involved in the allergic reaction. Parasitic infestations also stimulate production of these cells. - ANSWER Basophils and eosinophils 3. Basophils also know as? - ANSWER Mast cells 4. These cells are capable of phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes. - ANSWER Basophils and eosinophils 5. As the allergic response diminishes, the eosinophil count decreases. True or False - ANSWER TRUE 6. Eosinophils and basophils do not respond to bacterial or viral infections. True or False - ANSWER TRUE 7. Non granulocytes (mononuclear cells) include lymphocytes, monocytes, and ____________. - ANSWER histiocytes 8. B-cells participate in _____________ immunity. - ANSWER humoral (antibody production). 9. The primary function of the lymphocytes is fighting __________________ - ANSWER Chronic bacterial and acute viral infections. 10. The differential count does not separate the T- and B cells but rather counts the combination of the two. True or False - ANSWER TRUE 11. The WBC count and differential counts are routinely measured as part of the ______________ - ANSWER complete blood count 12. WBC counts and differential counts have both _____________ and ______________ value. - ANSWER diagnostic and prognostic 13. How is the absolute count calculated? - ANSWER By multiplying the differential count (%) by the total WBC count. 14. The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is helpful in determining the patient's risk for infection. It is calculated by multiplying the WBC count by the percent of neutrophils and percent of bands; that is, ANC = WBC X (% neutrophils + % bands) - ANSWER 15. If the ANC is less than ________, the patient may need to be placed in protective isolation because he or she could be severely immunocompromised and at great risk for infection. - ANSWER 1000 16. Pregnancy and labor may cause... - ANSWER Increased in WBC levels 17. Physical activity and stress may cause.... - ANSWER An increase in WBC and differential values 18. Pts who have had a ______________ have a persistent, mild elevation of WBC counts. - ANSWER Splenectomy 19. What blood tube is commonly used for testing? - ANSWER Lavender top 20. Increased WBC is also known as ______ - ANSWER Leukocytosis 21. Decreased WBC is also known as _____________ - ANSWER Leukopenia 22. Leukocytosis can be caused by ___________ - ANSWER Infection, inflammation, Leukemic neoplasia, Stress, tissue necrosis, trauma 23. Leukopenia can be caused by _____________ - ANSWER Autoimmune diseases, bone marrow failure, bone marrow infiltration (e.g. myelofibrosis, congenital marrow aplasia, dietary deficiency, drug toxicity, overwhelming infections 24. What are the two components of the WBC count? - ANSWER The total number of WBCs (Leukocytes) in 1 mm3 of peripheral venous blood and the differential count. 25. What does the total WBC count measure? - ANSWER The total number of WBCs (Leukocytes) in 1 mm3 of peripheral venous blood. 26. What does the differential count measure in a WBC count? - ANSWER The percentage of each type of leukocyte present in the same specimen. 27. which two leukocytes make up 75% to 90% of the total leukocytes? - ANSWER Neutrophils and Lymphocytes. 28. what can an increase in total WBC count indicate? - ANSWER >10,000/ mm3 infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, or leukemic neoplasia. 29. Trauma or stress may increase the WBC. True or False - ANSWER TRUE 30. A decreased WBC count, <4,000/ mm3, occurs in many forms of what? - ANSWER Bone marrow failure. e.g. after antineoplastic chemo/ radiation, marrow infiltration diseases, overwhelming infections, dietary deficiencies, and autoimmune diseases. 31. What is the major function of WBCs? - ANSWER Fight and react against foreign bodies/tissues 32. What are the five types of WBCs? - ANSWER Basophils, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Neutrophils 33. What two groups are WBCs divided into? - ANSWER Granulocytes and Non granulocytes 34. Granulocytes include which WBCs? - ANSWER Neutrophils, Basophils, and Eosinophils 35. What is the most common granulocytes? - ANSWER neutrophils 36. ________ are produced in 7 to 14 days and exist the circulation for only 6 hours. - ANSWER Neutrophils 37. What is the primary function of the neutrophil? - ANSWER phagocytosis 38. Phagocytosis - ANSWER Killing and digestion of bacterial microorganisms 39. Acute bacterial infection and trauma stimulate neutrophil production resulting in an increased WBC count. True or False - ANSWER TRUE 40. Often when neutrophil production is significantly stimulated, early immature forms of neutrophils enter the circulation. These immature forms are called what? - ANSWER band or stab cells 41. Neutrophils have multilobed nuclei and are sometimes referred to as what? - ANSWER polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs or polys). 42. 43. What is "WBC" - ANSWER white blood cells What is the normal range for WBCs for an adult/child? - ANSWER 5,000-10,000/mm3 44. What is the normal range of WBCs in children 2y or younger? - ANSWER /mm3 45. What is the normal range for WBCs for a newborn? - ANSWER 9000-30,000/mm3 46. Differential Count for Neutrophils percent and absolute per mm3? - ANSWER 55-70% 47. Differential Count for Lymphocytes percent and absolute per mm3? - ANSWER 20-40% 48. Differential Count for Monocytes percent and absolute per mm3? - ANSWER 2-8% 100-700 49. Differential Count for Eosinophils percent and absolute per mm3? - ANSWER 1-4% 50-500 50. Differential Count for Basophils percent and absolute per mm3? - ANSWER 0.5-1% 25-100