2025 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1) Astronomy PAPER 1: Naked‑eye Astronomy Question Paper & Marking Scheme

2025 Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1) Astronomy PAPER 1: Naked‑eye Astronomy
Question Paper & Marking Scheme

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names


Centre Number Candidate Number




Pearson Edexcel Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)
Monday 2 June 2025
Afternoon (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper
reference 1AS0/01
Astronomy  


PAPER 1: Naked‑eye Astronomy


You must have: Total Marks
Formulae and Data Sheet (enclosed)
Calculator, ruler


Instructions

•• Fill
Use black ink or ball‑point pen.
in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.

• Answer
Answer allthequestions.
questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

•• Any
Calculators may be used.
diagrams may NOT be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• end of yourshowsolution
You must all your working out with your answer clearly identified
.
at the

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
•• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Try to answer every question.



Turn over


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©2025 Pearson Education Ltd.
Y:1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/

, Formulae and Data Sheet

Formulae




DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Equation of Time = Apparent Solar Time (AST) – Mean Solar Time (MST)
T2
Kepler’s 3rd law: = a constant
r3
fo
Magnification of telescope: magnification =
fe

Distance modulus formula: M = m + 5 – 5 log d
λ  λ0 v
Redshift formula: 
λ0 c

Hubble’s law: v = H0d




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Data


Mass of Earth 6.0 × 1024 kg

Mean diameter of Earth 13 000 km

Mean diameter of Moon 3500 km

Mean diameter of Sun 1.4 × 106 km

One Astronomical Unit (AU) 1.5 × 108 km

Mean Earth to Moon distance 380 000 km

One light year (l.y.) 9.5 × 1012 km DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
One parsec (pc) 3.1 × 1013 km = 3.26 l.y.

Sidereal day of Earth 23 h 56 min

Synodic day of Earth 24 h 00 min

Temperature of solar photosphere 5800 K

Hubble Constant 68 km/s/Mpc

Speed of light in vacuum 3.0 × 108 m/s




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Sidereal Mean
Type of Mean distance Diameter Mass/ Ring
Name period/Earth temperature Moons
body from Sun/AU /1000 km Earth mass system
year /°C

Mercury planet 0.38 0.24 170 4.9 0.055 no none

Venus planet 0.72 0.62 470 12.1 0.82 no none

Earth planet 1.0 1.0 15 12.8 1.00 no 1: the Moon

2 small moons: Deimos and
Mars planet 1.5 1.9 –50 6.9 0.11 no
Phobos

Ceres dwarf planet 2.8 4.6 –105 0.95 1.5 × 10–4 no none

4 major moons: Ganymede,
Jupiter planet 5.2 11.9 –150 143 318 yes Callisto, Europa, Io
>60 others
5 major moons: including
Saturn planet 9.5 29.5 –180 121 95 yes Titan, Iapetus
>55 others
5 major moons: including
Uranus planet 19.1 84.0 –210 51 15 yes Titania, Oberon
>20 others
1 major moon: Triton
Neptune planet 30.0 165 –220 50 17 yes
>12 others
1 major moon: Charon
Pluto dwarf planet 39.5 248 –230 2.4 2.2 × 10–3 no
>4 other moons

Haumea dwarf planet 43.1 283 –241 1.4 6.7 × 10–4 no 2

Eris dwarf planet 67.8 557 –230 2.3 2.8 × 10–3 no at least 1
Turn over
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, Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an




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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .

1 (a) A student makes a sketch of the surface of the Moon, as shown in Figure 1.



B




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A

Figure 1

(i) Identify which phase of the Moon is shown in Figure 1.
(1)
A crescent
B full
C gibbous DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
D new


(ii) Identify the small circular features labelled A in Figure 1.
(1)
A craters
B mare
C mountains

D terrae




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