BIOD 101 MODULE 1 - 6 EXAM & FINAL EXAM Actual Questions and Verified Answers Portage Learning

BIOD 101 MODULE 1 - 6 EXAM & FINAL EXAM Actual Questions and Verified Answers Portage Learning. What is/are a type of organic compound that biomacromolecules are comprised of? Answer: Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Lipids Proteins Amino Acids that must be obtained from food in the diet / cannot be manufactured by the human body are known as ______ while amino acids that are able to be manufactured by the human body are known as __________. Answer: Essential Non-essential (See 1.2) What type of Ion carries a negative charge? Answer: Anion Which Organelle contains the genomic content of the cell whilst serving as the control center? Answer: Nucleus Matter can exist in which of the following states: Answer: Gaseous Solid Liquid What type of cell junctions are tiny pores or channels that allow for the passage of substances from cell to cell? Answer: Gap Junctions (See 1.3) Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide Answer: 1. A Phosphate group 2. A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA) 3. A Nitrogen-containing ring called a nitrogenous base (see 1.2) Indicate which statements are True & which are False concerning Eukaryotic cells Answer: a. Eukaryotic cells are less complex than prokaryotic cells (False) b. Eukaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane (True) c. Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles (True) d. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells (True) Fill in the Blank: ___ elements are required only in small quantities whereas ____ elements are required for human life Answer: TRACE elements are required only in small quantities whereas ESSENTIAL elements are required for human life True or False: The head group of a phospholipid is a Hydrophobic Answer: False: the Tail group of a phospholipid is a Hydrophobic while the Head group of a phospholipid is a Hydrophilic Specific ions bind to _________, and when a certain concentration has successfully attached, the conformation of the channel changes allowing for ions on the outside to passively diffuse into the cell Answer: Carrier Proteins (See 1.4) What type of reaction is responsible for the formation of starch & glychogen? Answer: Dehydration What type of transport occurs when substances move through the membrane without the input of energy? Answer: Passive Transport The following statements are True regarding prokaryotic cells Answer: Prokaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear membrane Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells What model of membrane structure proposes that the membrane is a phospholipid bilayer in which proteins are either partially or entirely embedded Answer: Quaternary Structure Ionic Bond Answer: Chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions As part of the cytoskeleton, what role do microtubules serve? Answer: Microtubules influence cell shape, form spindles for chromosome separation (during mitosis), can be arranged in specific geometric conformations that are used for cellular locomotion, and serve as "roads" for organelles to travel (by way of motor proteins) in order to relocate within a cell (See 1.3) The electrical potential of ions across the cell membrane contributes to: Answer: Nerve Conduction, Muscle Contraction, Mitochondrial Metabolism & Hormone Secretion The shape of a protein is directly related to its: Answer: Function Explain what happens to a cell when placed in a hypotonic solution: Answer: The cell takes on the water and swells. Water flows inward to dilute the internal solute concentration (which is higher than the external solution) and obtain equilibrium. However, when the solute concentration is significantly lower than the internal cellular solute concentration, the high volume of water movement will often cause the cell to not only swell but possibly even burst (See 1.4) Of the 5 Main Organic Compounds, _________ serves as the primary source of fuel for organisms Answer: Carbohydrates What Nitrogenous bases can be found in DNA Answer: Cytosine Adenine Guanine Thymine Selective Permeability: Answer: is characterized by the ability of certain substances to pass through the cell membrane while other molecules cannot Lipids are insoluble in water because: Answer: Lipids are primarily made up of non-polar hydrocarbon chains. As water is polar, it will only dissolve other polar or ionically bonded substances. Lipids are non-polar and this is why they are insoluble in water but can be dissolved with non-polar solvents such as alcohol (See 1.2) BIOD 101 MODULE 1 EXAM REVIEW GUIDE What is matter and what states can it exist in Anything that occupies space. Solid, liquid, gas. Explain the difference between essential and trace elements Essential are required for human life. Trace are required, but in small amounts What is a covelant bond? When electrons are shared to create a bond What is a hydrogen bond? a weak bond between two partially charged atoms Anions are positively charged ions, and cations are negatively charged ions. False, cations are positively charged (T = +), anions are negatively charged Which of the following are not one of the organic compounds that make up biomacromolecules? Lipids, proteins, ribosomes, carbohydrates ribosomes What are carbohydrates? are the primary source of fuel for organisms and have the same three elements in their main structure: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Why are lipids unique among the biomacromolecules? The are insoluble in water, not monomers but made from smaller molecules chemically linked together What is an ionic bond