Cmn 548 test 4
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1. What are the four regions Cell body/Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Axon terminals.
of a neuron?
2. What is the function of the It contains the nucleus and is the metabolic center of the neuron.
cell body/soma in a neu-
ron?
3. What role do dendrites They serve as the major recipient zones of input from other neurons.
play in neuronal function?
4. What is the axon and its A single process that conveys information to other neurons.
primary function?
5. What are axon terminals? Fine branches near the end of the axon that release neurotransmit-
ters and synapse with other neurons.
6. How are neurons classi- As Projection Neurons (long axons) or Local Circuit Neurons (short
fied based on their func- axons).
tion?
7. What is the primary func- To convey information from the periphery to the brain, between
tion of projection neu- brain regions, or from the brain to effector organs.
rons?
8. What distinguishes local Local circuit neurons have short axons and process information
circuit neurons from pro- within distinct brain regions.
jection neurons?
9. What are astrocytes and The most numerous glial cells that support neurons, participate in
their primary functions? the blood-brain barrier, and regulate blood flow.
10. What is the tripartite A concept where peri-synaptic astrocytes participate actively in
synapse? synaptic transmission by releasing gliotransmitters.
, Cmn 548 test 4
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11. What are the two types of Protoplasmic Astrocytes (in gray matter) and Fibrous Astrocytes (in
astrocytes? white matter).
12. What role do oligodendro- They form the myelin sheath that facilitates the conduction of action
cytes and Schwann cells potentials.
play in the nervous sys-
tem?
13. Where are oligodendro- Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, while Schwann cells are
cytes and Schwann cells found in the PNS.
located?
14. What is the function of mi- They act as scavengers that eliminate debris and regulate neuroge-
croglia? nesis and synaptic function.
15. How are altered glial cells Changes in glial cell numbers are linked to disorders such as schiz-
related to psychiatric dis- ophrenia and depression.
orders?
16. What is the role of collat- They allow axons to produce branches that contact multiple targets
erals in neural circuits? during development.
17. What does it mean for Each region receives input from the regions to which it sends axonal
connections in neural cir- projections.
cuits to be reciprocal?
18. What is the difference be- Direct connections innervate target regions directly, while indirect
tween direct and indirect connections pass through additional regions.
connections in neural cir-
cuits?
19. What is a divergent con- It conveys information from a neuron to a larger number of neurons
nection in neural circuits? in diverse brain areas.
, Cmn 548 test 4
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20. What is a convergent con- It directs output from multiple brain regions towards a single area.
nection in neural circuits?
21. What are the three prima- Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon.
ry vesicles of the neural
tube?
22. What structures are de- Telencephalon (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala) and Dien-
rived from the prosen- cephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus).
cephalon?
23. What is the primary motor The precentral gyrus located in the frontal lobe.
region of the brain?
24. What is the primary audi- It is located in the superior temporal lobe.
tory cortex and where is it
located?
25. What components make Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus.
up the basal ganglia?
26. What are the functions of It acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral
the thalamus? cortex.
27. What is the hypothalamus It is involved in autonomic and endocrine functions.
responsible for?
28. What is the role of the hy- It is involved in autonomic and endocrine functions.
pothalamus?
29. What does the ventricular It consists of two C-shaped lateral ventricles divided into five parts:
system of the brain con- anterior horn, body, inferior horn, posterior horn, and atrium.
sist of?
, Cmn 548 test 4
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30. What connects the lateral The foramina of Monro (interventricular foramina).
ventricles to the third ven-
tricle?
31. What is the function of the It connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle in the pons
cerebral aqueduct? and medulla.
32. What fills the ventricular Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
system?
33. What is the choroid plexus It makes 70% of CSF and is located in the lateral ventricles and the
and its function? roof of the third and fourth ventricles.
34. What is the Blood CSF Bar- It is formed by ependymal cells with tight junctions that prevent
rier? leakage of substances into the CSF.
35. What are the functions of CSF cushions the brain, maintains the extracellular environment, and
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? correlates with substances in the brain.
36. What is the composition It contains low levels of protein, glucose, and potassium, and rela-
of CSF? tively high concentrations of sodium and chloride.
37. What is the significance of They are biomarkers used to examine the progression from mild
amyloid beta 1-42 and to- cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.
tal tau in CSF?
38. What is the structure of It is a laminated sheet of neurons covering the cerebral hemi-
the cerebral cortex? spheres, consisting of 22 billion neurons and 165 trillion synapses.
39. What are the four types of Allocortex, paleocortex, archicortex, and neocortex.
cortical structures in the
cerebral cortex?
40. Pyramidal neurons, which make up 75% of the cortical neurons.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3gwjt
1. What are the four regions Cell body/Soma, Dendrites, Axon, Axon terminals.
of a neuron?
2. What is the function of the It contains the nucleus and is the metabolic center of the neuron.
cell body/soma in a neu-
ron?
3. What role do dendrites They serve as the major recipient zones of input from other neurons.
play in neuronal function?
4. What is the axon and its A single process that conveys information to other neurons.
primary function?
5. What are axon terminals? Fine branches near the end of the axon that release neurotransmit-
ters and synapse with other neurons.
6. How are neurons classi- As Projection Neurons (long axons) or Local Circuit Neurons (short
fied based on their func- axons).
tion?
7. What is the primary func- To convey information from the periphery to the brain, between
tion of projection neu- brain regions, or from the brain to effector organs.
rons?
8. What distinguishes local Local circuit neurons have short axons and process information
circuit neurons from pro- within distinct brain regions.
jection neurons?
9. What are astrocytes and The most numerous glial cells that support neurons, participate in
their primary functions? the blood-brain barrier, and regulate blood flow.
10. What is the tripartite A concept where peri-synaptic astrocytes participate actively in
synapse? synaptic transmission by releasing gliotransmitters.
, Cmn 548 test 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3gwjt
11. What are the two types of Protoplasmic Astrocytes (in gray matter) and Fibrous Astrocytes (in
astrocytes? white matter).
12. What role do oligodendro- They form the myelin sheath that facilitates the conduction of action
cytes and Schwann cells potentials.
play in the nervous sys-
tem?
13. Where are oligodendro- Oligodendrocytes are found in the CNS, while Schwann cells are
cytes and Schwann cells found in the PNS.
located?
14. What is the function of mi- They act as scavengers that eliminate debris and regulate neuroge-
croglia? nesis and synaptic function.
15. How are altered glial cells Changes in glial cell numbers are linked to disorders such as schiz-
related to psychiatric dis- ophrenia and depression.
orders?
16. What is the role of collat- They allow axons to produce branches that contact multiple targets
erals in neural circuits? during development.
17. What does it mean for Each region receives input from the regions to which it sends axonal
connections in neural cir- projections.
cuits to be reciprocal?
18. What is the difference be- Direct connections innervate target regions directly, while indirect
tween direct and indirect connections pass through additional regions.
connections in neural cir-
cuits?
19. What is a divergent con- It conveys information from a neuron to a larger number of neurons
nection in neural circuits? in diverse brain areas.
, Cmn 548 test 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3gwjt
20. What is a convergent con- It directs output from multiple brain regions towards a single area.
nection in neural circuits?
21. What are the three prima- Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, and Rhombencephalon.
ry vesicles of the neural
tube?
22. What structures are de- Telencephalon (cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala) and Dien-
rived from the prosen- cephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus).
cephalon?
23. What is the primary motor The precentral gyrus located in the frontal lobe.
region of the brain?
24. What is the primary audi- It is located in the superior temporal lobe.
tory cortex and where is it
located?
25. What components make Caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus.
up the basal ganglia?
26. What are the functions of It acts as a relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral
the thalamus? cortex.
27. What is the hypothalamus It is involved in autonomic and endocrine functions.
responsible for?
28. What is the role of the hy- It is involved in autonomic and endocrine functions.
pothalamus?
29. What does the ventricular It consists of two C-shaped lateral ventricles divided into five parts:
system of the brain con- anterior horn, body, inferior horn, posterior horn, and atrium.
sist of?
, Cmn 548 test 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_i3gwjt
30. What connects the lateral The foramina of Monro (interventricular foramina).
ventricles to the third ven-
tricle?
31. What is the function of the It connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle in the pons
cerebral aqueduct? and medulla.
32. What fills the ventricular Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
system?
33. What is the choroid plexus It makes 70% of CSF and is located in the lateral ventricles and the
and its function? roof of the third and fourth ventricles.
34. What is the Blood CSF Bar- It is formed by ependymal cells with tight junctions that prevent
rier? leakage of substances into the CSF.
35. What are the functions of CSF cushions the brain, maintains the extracellular environment, and
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? correlates with substances in the brain.
36. What is the composition It contains low levels of protein, glucose, and potassium, and rela-
of CSF? tively high concentrations of sodium and chloride.
37. What is the significance of They are biomarkers used to examine the progression from mild
amyloid beta 1-42 and to- cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease.
tal tau in CSF?
38. What is the structure of It is a laminated sheet of neurons covering the cerebral hemi-
the cerebral cortex? spheres, consisting of 22 billion neurons and 165 trillion synapses.
39. What are the four types of Allocortex, paleocortex, archicortex, and neocortex.
cortical structures in the
cerebral cortex?
40. Pyramidal neurons, which make up 75% of the cortical neurons.
