PSPE3724: Chapter 9-14 Summaries
Table of Contents
Chapter 9: A Humanistic-phenomenological view of Personality Psychology..............2
Chapter 10: Personality Trait Psychology.....................................................................6
Eysenck’s Three-Dimensional Model of Personality.................................................7
“PEN shapes personality”..........................................................................................7
Chapter 12: Biological basis of Personality..................................................................8
Neurotransmitters, Personality, and Psychological Disorders................................10
Chapter 13: Neuropsychological Correlates of Personality........................................12
The Second Functional Unit: Receiving, Analysing, and Storing Information.....13
The Third Functional Unit: Programming, Regulation, and Verification..............13
The Frontal Lobes and Personality: The Link.........................................................14
The frontal lobes (especially the prefrontal cortex) are responsible for:.................14
💥 Condition 1: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)..........................................................14
Chapter 14: Personality Assessment..........................................................................19
,Chapter 9: A Humanistic-phenomenological
view of Personality Psychology From:
Past Papers
Tutorials
Chapte
r9
Outcome 1: Concisely explain the humanistic and
existential-phenomenological assumptions.
Watson and Greenberg identified two fundamental epistemological and ontological
assumptions characterising the humanistic approach. Offer a brief discussion of any
one of the two assumptions. [3 Marks]
Subjectivity:
The emphasis on subjectivity refers to the validity of
people’s phenomenological reality, as well as to the importance of feelings
and moods in understanding reality. Each person’s perception and emotional
experience are valid and real to them.
It is believed that clients can symbolise what is important for them, and that
significance is revealed by their feelings and desires.
The focus is also on the here and now; living life in the moment.
People as self-reflective agents:
Humans have the ability to reflect on what happened in their past and what is
happening at present
One’s past shapes and influences one but should not detirmine what one
can become.
People should learn from experiences in the past, reflect on those
experiences and make decisions to move forward and grow from those
experiences.
Outcome 2: Discuss Rogers’ theory and all its aspects
extensively (all subheadings)
1) View of human nature
o Individual has constructive potential
o Nature of humans are mainly goal directed
o Individual is capable of change
2) Structure of personality
, Phenomenological: the
study of how people
experience things, focusing
on the individual's lived
experience and the
meaning they assign to it.
3) Traits of optimal functioning
Aware of all experiences
Trust themselves
Creative, constructive, adaptive
Rogers wears a pin for best personality and giving his cat an optimal life.
2. Rogers conceptualises his person-centred approach, which emphasises the
person as the centre of the therapeutic process. In his explanation of human
behaviour, he identifies three structural elements of personality. Offer a brief
explanation of each element; and present a practical example of each – with specific
reference to yourself. [6 Marks]
The organism:
Refers to the total individual with all physical and psychological functions.
Rogers refers to this as the immediate field of sensory and emotional experience.
meaning how you feel and experience things in the moment.
Example:
A student experiences a sudden burst of excitement and increased
energy (psychological and physical functions) after seeing a high grade on a major
assignment. This immediate, total-body experience is the organism responding to an
event that supports its actualizing tendency (the desire to be a competent learner).
I feel a wave of relief and happiness (psychological and physical responses) when I
see that I passed my psychology test. My whole body feels lighter, and I can think
clearly again. This total experience shows my organism reacting to something that
supports my growth and competence.
The phenomenological field:
Individual’s perceptions and experiences and forms the reality of the person.
It includes perception of objects or events outside the person, and the meaning
attached to them. Reaction to internal reality
Example:
Table of Contents
Chapter 9: A Humanistic-phenomenological view of Personality Psychology..............2
Chapter 10: Personality Trait Psychology.....................................................................6
Eysenck’s Three-Dimensional Model of Personality.................................................7
“PEN shapes personality”..........................................................................................7
Chapter 12: Biological basis of Personality..................................................................8
Neurotransmitters, Personality, and Psychological Disorders................................10
Chapter 13: Neuropsychological Correlates of Personality........................................12
The Second Functional Unit: Receiving, Analysing, and Storing Information.....13
The Third Functional Unit: Programming, Regulation, and Verification..............13
The Frontal Lobes and Personality: The Link.........................................................14
The frontal lobes (especially the prefrontal cortex) are responsible for:.................14
💥 Condition 1: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)..........................................................14
Chapter 14: Personality Assessment..........................................................................19
,Chapter 9: A Humanistic-phenomenological
view of Personality Psychology From:
Past Papers
Tutorials
Chapte
r9
Outcome 1: Concisely explain the humanistic and
existential-phenomenological assumptions.
Watson and Greenberg identified two fundamental epistemological and ontological
assumptions characterising the humanistic approach. Offer a brief discussion of any
one of the two assumptions. [3 Marks]
Subjectivity:
The emphasis on subjectivity refers to the validity of
people’s phenomenological reality, as well as to the importance of feelings
and moods in understanding reality. Each person’s perception and emotional
experience are valid and real to them.
It is believed that clients can symbolise what is important for them, and that
significance is revealed by their feelings and desires.
The focus is also on the here and now; living life in the moment.
People as self-reflective agents:
Humans have the ability to reflect on what happened in their past and what is
happening at present
One’s past shapes and influences one but should not detirmine what one
can become.
People should learn from experiences in the past, reflect on those
experiences and make decisions to move forward and grow from those
experiences.
Outcome 2: Discuss Rogers’ theory and all its aspects
extensively (all subheadings)
1) View of human nature
o Individual has constructive potential
o Nature of humans are mainly goal directed
o Individual is capable of change
2) Structure of personality
, Phenomenological: the
study of how people
experience things, focusing
on the individual's lived
experience and the
meaning they assign to it.
3) Traits of optimal functioning
Aware of all experiences
Trust themselves
Creative, constructive, adaptive
Rogers wears a pin for best personality and giving his cat an optimal life.
2. Rogers conceptualises his person-centred approach, which emphasises the
person as the centre of the therapeutic process. In his explanation of human
behaviour, he identifies three structural elements of personality. Offer a brief
explanation of each element; and present a practical example of each – with specific
reference to yourself. [6 Marks]
The organism:
Refers to the total individual with all physical and psychological functions.
Rogers refers to this as the immediate field of sensory and emotional experience.
meaning how you feel and experience things in the moment.
Example:
A student experiences a sudden burst of excitement and increased
energy (psychological and physical functions) after seeing a high grade on a major
assignment. This immediate, total-body experience is the organism responding to an
event that supports its actualizing tendency (the desire to be a competent learner).
I feel a wave of relief and happiness (psychological and physical responses) when I
see that I passed my psychology test. My whole body feels lighter, and I can think
clearly again. This total experience shows my organism reacting to something that
supports my growth and competence.
The phenomenological field:
Individual’s perceptions and experiences and forms the reality of the person.
It includes perception of objects or events outside the person, and the meaning
attached to them. Reaction to internal reality
Example:
