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NR565 Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Pharmacokinetics
Ans: The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics
Ans: The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Ans: Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Ans: Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
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Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics
Ans: substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic
chemical compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Ans: xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the
production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification o f
chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Ans: responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are
oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
Ans: Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Ans: -Drug becomes completely inactive
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-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites
remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one
metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers
Ans: Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications
Ans: CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
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CYP450 Inhibitors
Ans: Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or
more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs
the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
Ans: VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria
Ans: -potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older
adults
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
NR565 Advanced Pharmacology
Fundamentals Questions and Correct
Answers/ Latest Update / Already Graded
Pharmacokinetics
Ans: The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed
within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacodynamics
Ans: The study of what the drug does to the body
Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
Ans: Rate of dissolution
Surface area
Blood flow
Lipid solubility
pH partitioning
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Ans: Blood flow to tissues
Ability to exit the vascular system
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |2
Blood-brain barrier
Protein-binding capacity
Xenobiotics
Ans: substances that are foreign to the body, usually synthetic
chemical compounds; medications are a common example
Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Ans: xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes necessary for the
production of cholesterol and steroids and the detoxification o f
chemicals and drug metabolism.
Function of Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)
Ans: responsible for phase 1 metabolism in which drugs are
oxidized, reduced, or hydrolyzed
Phase 1 Metabolism of Drugs via P450
Ans: Oxidation; Reduction; Hydrolysis
Three possible outcomes of phase 1 drug metabolism.
Ans: -Drug becomes completely inactive
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |3
-Drug becomes partially inactive but one or more metabolites
remain active
-Original drug is not pharmacologically active but one
metabolite remains active
CYP450 Inducers
Ans: Medications that can increase the rate of another drug's
metabolism by elevating CYP450 enzyme activity via increasing
enzyme synthesis. decreasing the concentration of the "parent
drug"
CYP450 Inducer Medications
Ans: CRAPGPS
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Alcohol
Phenytoin
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
Sulfonylureas
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
, Page |4
CYP450 Inhibitors
Ans: Medications that inhibit the metabolic activity of one or
more of the CYP450 enzymes. Higher risk for toxicity; prolongs
the pharmacological effect of the "parent drug".
CYP450 Inhibitor Medications
Ans: VISACKGQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconazole
Grapefruit Juice
Quinidine
Beers Criteria
Ans: -potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) use in older
adults
All rights reserved © 2025/ 2026 |
