1
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SCRN EXAM REVIEW Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) [ ANS: ] Arises from basilar. Supplies
Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus,
and Corpus Callosum
Symptoms of PCA Stroke [ ANS: ] -Contralateral Visual Field
Homonymous hemianopia
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-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
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-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-
retraction nystagmus, primary conjugate downward gaze)
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) [ ANS: ] Feeds anterior
inferior parts of the cerebellum
Symptoms of AICA Stroke [ ANS: ] Lateral Pontine Syndrome:
vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus, falling towards the side of the lesion,
ipsilateral loss of sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis,
ipsilateral hearing loss
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) [ ANS: ] Feeds
cerebellum, superior section of the medulla,. Choroid plexus and
fourth ventricle
Symptoms of PICA Stroke [ ANS: ] Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral
Medullary Syndrome): Loss of pain and temperature sensation in
the contralateral trunk and ipsilateral face
Basilar Artery [ ANS: ] An artery, formed by the fusion of the
vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem (medulla
and pons) and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
, 2
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Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke [ ANS: ] Coma, quadriparesis,
ataxia, dysarthria, CN dysfunction and visual deficits, Locked in
Syndrome, Intranuclear Opthalmoplegia, gaze paresis, Millard
Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII damage (diplopia facial weakness,
loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze palsy,
dysarthria,. vertigo, tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia.
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) [ ANS: ] Feeds the media portion of
the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum
Symptoms of ACA Stroke [ ANS: ] Contralateral motor/sensory
deficits impacting legs > arms
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Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) [ ANS: ] Feeds majority of the
frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal
capsule. It is divided M1 - M4
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Symptoms of MCA Stroke [ ANS: ] -Aphasia if dominant
hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia: neglect or lack of self awareness
Venous Vascular Anatomy [ ANS: ] Venous channels enter into
venous sinuses located in the Dura matter.
Superior Sagittal Sinus [ ANS: ] Travels posteriorly between the
cerebral hemispheres towards the occiput
Straight Sinus [ ANS: ] Travels along the tentorium, draining blood
from the superior cerebellar veins.
Transverse Sinus [ ANS: ] Travels along the base of the occiput
laterally and forwardly
, 3
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Sigmoid Sinus [ ANS: ] Begins beneath the temporal bone and
travels to the jugular foramen where it becomes the internal
jugular veins
Stroke Pathophysiology [ ANS: ] Arterial blood flow to the brain
tissue fails to meet metabolic demands resulting in cell damage or
death. ISCHEMIA FIRST THEN INFARCT.
Penumbra [ ANS: ] Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by
ischemia but not yet infarcted
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---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway [ ANS: ] Cell energy failure
Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway [ ANS: ] Programmed cell
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death in the penumbral zone
ICH Stroke Pathophysiology [ ANS: ] Occurs when a cerebral blood
vessel opens abnormally and spills blood into brain tissue.
Classification of ICH Brain Injury [ ANS: ] Primary Brain Injury: Direct
result of the hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury: Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes
mechanical disruption and damage to cell membranes
SAH Stroke Pathophysiology [ ANS: ] Aneurysm from s in the
cerebral vasculature and ruptures, resulting in blood spilling in the
subarachnoid space
Saccular Aneurysm [ ANS: ] narrow neck, widened dome -- Most
Common
Fusiform Aneurysm [ ANS: ] Outpouching of the vessel without a
distinct neck --- Less common
, 4
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Early Brain Injury [ ANS: ] Hours and first several days after aneurysm
rupture cerebral edema forms, injury results from decreased
cerebral blood flow
Cerebral Vasospasm (Delayed Cerebral Injury) [ ANS: ] Large
Vessel Spasm generally begins on day 4 continues up to 21 days
Brain Requirements [ ANS: ] 20% of the body's Oxygen
15% of the body's Cardiac Output
Cerebral Blood Flow [ ANS: ] Normal: 50 - 55 mL/100g/min
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Oligemia: 30 - 40 mL/100g/min
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Moderate Ischemia (the penumbra): 20 - 30 mL/100 g/min
Severe ischemia and Cell Death: 0 - 10 mL/100 g/min
Large Vessel occlusion [ ANS: ] Embolic: develop elsewhere and
travel to blood vessel in the brain
Small Vessel Occlusion [ ANS: ] Thrombotic: caused by a clot that
develops in the vessel of the brain
Cerebral Cortex [ ANS: ] Grey matter on the outermost section of
the cerebrum and cerebellum
Divided into four lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
SCRN EXAM REVIEW Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers) Already
Graded A+
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) [ ANS: ] Arises from basilar. Supplies
Occipital Lobe , Midbrain, Thalamus, Pineal Gland, Choroid Plexus,
and Corpus Callosum
Symptoms of PCA Stroke [ ANS: ] -Contralateral Visual Field
Homonymous hemianopia
© 2025 Assignment Expert
-Visual Agnosia (unable to interpret/recognize visual information)
- Weber's Syndrome (3rd nerve palsy + contralateral hemiplegia)
Guru01 - Stuvia
-Parinaud's Syndrome (Impaired upwards gaze, convergence-
retraction nystagmus, primary conjugate downward gaze)
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AICA) [ ANS: ] Feeds anterior
inferior parts of the cerebellum
Symptoms of AICA Stroke [ ANS: ] Lateral Pontine Syndrome:
vertigo, vomiting, nystagmus, falling towards the side of the lesion,
ipsilateral loss of sensation to the face, ipsilateral facial paralysis,
ipsilateral hearing loss
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA) [ ANS: ] Feeds
cerebellum, superior section of the medulla,. Choroid plexus and
fourth ventricle
Symptoms of PICA Stroke [ ANS: ] Wallenburg Syndrome (lateral
Medullary Syndrome): Loss of pain and temperature sensation in
the contralateral trunk and ipsilateral face
Basilar Artery [ ANS: ] An artery, formed by the fusion of the
vertebral arteries, that supplies blood to the brainstem (medulla
and pons) and to the posterior cerebral arteries.
, 2
For Expert help and assignment solutions, +254707240657
Symptoms of Basilar Artery Stoke [ ANS: ] Coma, quadriparesis,
ataxia, dysarthria, CN dysfunction and visual deficits, Locked in
Syndrome, Intranuclear Opthalmoplegia, gaze paresis, Millard
Gulber Syndrome CN VI VII damage (diplopia facial weakness,
loss of corneal reflex), Nausea, vomiting, diplopia, gaze palsy,
dysarthria,. vertigo, tinnitus, hemiparesis, and quadriplegia.
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) [ ANS: ] Feeds the media portion of
the frontal and parietal lobes as well as the corpus callosum
Symptoms of ACA Stroke [ ANS: ] Contralateral motor/sensory
deficits impacting legs > arms
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) [ ANS: ] Feeds majority of the
frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, basal ganglia, internal
capsule. It is divided M1 - M4
Guru01 - Stuvia
Symptoms of MCA Stroke [ ANS: ] -Aphasia if dominant
hemisphere
-Neglect if non-dominant hemisphere
-Contralateral motor/sensory loss of face/arm/leg with Arms > Legs
-Anosognosia: neglect or lack of self awareness
Venous Vascular Anatomy [ ANS: ] Venous channels enter into
venous sinuses located in the Dura matter.
Superior Sagittal Sinus [ ANS: ] Travels posteriorly between the
cerebral hemispheres towards the occiput
Straight Sinus [ ANS: ] Travels along the tentorium, draining blood
from the superior cerebellar veins.
Transverse Sinus [ ANS: ] Travels along the base of the occiput
laterally and forwardly
, 3
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Sigmoid Sinus [ ANS: ] Begins beneath the temporal bone and
travels to the jugular foramen where it becomes the internal
jugular veins
Stroke Pathophysiology [ ANS: ] Arterial blood flow to the brain
tissue fails to meet metabolic demands resulting in cell damage or
death. ISCHEMIA FIRST THEN INFARCT.
Penumbra [ ANS: ] Zone surrounding the core infarct, damaged by
ischemia but not yet infarcted
© 2025 Assignment Expert
---- functionally silent yet metabolically active
Hypoxia leading to Necrotic Pathway [ ANS: ] Cell energy failure
Hypoxia leading to Apoptotic Pathway [ ANS: ] Programmed cell
Guru01 - Stuvia
death in the penumbral zone
ICH Stroke Pathophysiology [ ANS: ] Occurs when a cerebral blood
vessel opens abnormally and spills blood into brain tissue.
Classification of ICH Brain Injury [ ANS: ] Primary Brain Injury: Direct
result of the hematoma
Secondary Brain Injury: Hours or days after ICH, mass effect causes
mechanical disruption and damage to cell membranes
SAH Stroke Pathophysiology [ ANS: ] Aneurysm from s in the
cerebral vasculature and ruptures, resulting in blood spilling in the
subarachnoid space
Saccular Aneurysm [ ANS: ] narrow neck, widened dome -- Most
Common
Fusiform Aneurysm [ ANS: ] Outpouching of the vessel without a
distinct neck --- Less common
, 4
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Early Brain Injury [ ANS: ] Hours and first several days after aneurysm
rupture cerebral edema forms, injury results from decreased
cerebral blood flow
Cerebral Vasospasm (Delayed Cerebral Injury) [ ANS: ] Large
Vessel Spasm generally begins on day 4 continues up to 21 days
Brain Requirements [ ANS: ] 20% of the body's Oxygen
15% of the body's Cardiac Output
Cerebral Blood Flow [ ANS: ] Normal: 50 - 55 mL/100g/min
© 2025 Assignment Expert
Oligemia: 30 - 40 mL/100g/min
Guru01 - Stuvia
Moderate Ischemia (the penumbra): 20 - 30 mL/100 g/min
Severe ischemia and Cell Death: 0 - 10 mL/100 g/min
Large Vessel occlusion [ ANS: ] Embolic: develop elsewhere and
travel to blood vessel in the brain
Small Vessel Occlusion [ ANS: ] Thrombotic: caused by a clot that
develops in the vessel of the brain
Cerebral Cortex [ ANS: ] Grey matter on the outermost section of
the cerebrum and cerebellum
Divided into four lobes
- Frontal
- Parietal
