Chapter 1 – Homeostasis (Bilingual with IPA)
1. Definition of Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
体内平衡是指身体在外部环境变化时，仍能维持内部环境的稳定状态。
Pronunciation: Homeostasis [ˌhoʊmi.oʊˈsteɪsɪs]
2. Components of a Homeostatic Mechanism
Stimulus [ˈstɪmjələs] – 刺激（引起变化的因素）
Receptor [rɪˈsɛptər] – 感受器（检测变化）
Control center [kənˈtroʊl ˈsɛntər] – 控制中心（通常是大脑或腺体，决定反应）
Effector [ɪˈfɛktər] – 效应器（执行反应，把系统拉回平衡）
3. Processes Regulating Homeostasis
Negative feedback [ˈnɛɡətɪv ˈfidˌbæk] – 负反馈：使系统回到正常范围（最常见）
Positive feedback [ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfidˌbæk] – 正反馈：增强或放大反应（少见，如分娩时子宫收
缩）
4. Difference Between Negative and Positive Feedback
Negative feedback: Brings body conditions back to set point (e.g., body temperature
regulation).
负反馈让身体回到正常值。
Positive feedback: Moves conditions away from set point, amplifying change (e.g., childbirth
contractions, blood clotting).
正反馈会让变化继续放大，直到事件结束。
5. Critical Thinking Examples
Sweat gland secreting sweat → Effector （效应器）
Chemoreceptors on parathyroid gland → Receptor （感受器）
Parathyroid gland releasing hormone → Control center （控制中心）
Hypothalamus in the brain (temperature control) → Control center （控制中心）
Smooth muscle in blood vessels → Effector （效应器）
6. Blood Glucose Example
Set point: 70–110 mg/dL
Receptor: Chemoreceptors on beta cells in pancreas
This study source was downloaded by 100000901307859 from CourseHero.com on 11-06-2025 09:35:39 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/252449179/Chapter1-Homeostasis-with-IPAdocx/
1. Definition of Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.
体内平衡是指身体在外部环境变化时，仍能维持内部环境的稳定状态。
Pronunciation: Homeostasis [ˌhoʊmi.oʊˈsteɪsɪs]
2. Components of a Homeostatic Mechanism
Stimulus [ˈstɪmjələs] – 刺激（引起变化的因素）
Receptor [rɪˈsɛptər] – 感受器（检测变化）
Control center [kənˈtroʊl ˈsɛntər] – 控制中心（通常是大脑或腺体，决定反应）
Effector [ɪˈfɛktər] – 效应器（执行反应，把系统拉回平衡）
3. Processes Regulating Homeostasis
Negative feedback [ˈnɛɡətɪv ˈfidˌbæk] – 负反馈：使系统回到正常范围（最常见）
Positive feedback [ˈpɑzətɪv ˈfidˌbæk] – 正反馈：增强或放大反应（少见，如分娩时子宫收
缩）
4. Difference Between Negative and Positive Feedback
Negative feedback: Brings body conditions back to set point (e.g., body temperature
regulation).
负反馈让身体回到正常值。
Positive feedback: Moves conditions away from set point, amplifying change (e.g., childbirth
contractions, blood clotting).
正反馈会让变化继续放大，直到事件结束。
5. Critical Thinking Examples
Sweat gland secreting sweat → Effector （效应器）
Chemoreceptors on parathyroid gland → Receptor （感受器）
Parathyroid gland releasing hormone → Control center （控制中心）
Hypothalamus in the brain (temperature control) → Control center （控制中心）
Smooth muscle in blood vessels → Effector （效应器）
6. Blood Glucose Example
Set point: 70–110 mg/dL
Receptor: Chemoreceptors on beta cells in pancreas
This study source was downloaded by 100000901307859 from CourseHero.com on 11-06-2025 09:35:39 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/252449179/Chapter1-Homeostasis-with-IPAdocx/
