CCI RCS REAL EXAM 150 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
LATEST VERSION COVERING THE RECENT MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
PERFECT FOR A+ GRADE
1. Which cardiac chamber lies most anterior in the chest?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium
Rationale: The right ventricle forms the anterior surface of the heart and lies closest to the
chest wall.
2. What is the normal range for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)?
A) 35–45%
B) 55–70%
C) 70–85%
D) 25–40%
Rationale: A normal LVEF is between 55–70%; values below 50% indicate possible systolic
dysfunction.
3. Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A) Pulmonic valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Rationale: The mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle and prevents backflow
during systole.
4. Which echocardiographic view best visualizes the left atrial appendage?
A) Parasternal long axis
B) Apical two-chamber
C) Subcostal four-chamber
D) Parasternal short axis
Rationale: The apical two-chamber and TEE views provide the clearest view of the left atrial
appendage.
,5. What is the normal range for the mitral E/A ratio in adults?
A) 0.5–0.8
B) 1.0–1.5
C) 2.0–3.0
D) 0.3–0.5
Rationale: A normal E/A ratio around 1–1.5 indicates normal left ventricular filling pressures.
6. Which transducer frequency is typically used for adult transthoracic echocardiography?
A) 10–15 MHz
B) 7–9 MHz
C) 2–4 MHz
D) 1 MHz
Rationale: Lower-frequency transducers (2–4 MHz) provide better penetration for adult
imaging.
7. What does the Bernoulli equation estimate in echocardiography?
A) Chamber volume
B) Pressure gradient
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac output
Rationale: The simplified Bernoulli equation (ΔP = 4v²) calculates pressure gradients across
valves.
8. Which Doppler mode measures blood flow velocity along the entire sample line?
A) Color Doppler
B) Continuous-wave Doppler
C) Pulse-wave Doppler
D) M-mode
Rationale: CW Doppler measures high velocities but lacks range specificity.
9. Which structure prevents prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during systole?
A) Valve cusps
B) Sinuses of Valsalva
C) Chordae tendineae
,D) Annulus fibrosus
Rationale: Chordae tendineae anchor the valve leaflets to papillary muscles to prevent
prolapse.
10. Which valve abnormality is characterized by a “hockey-stick” appearance of the anterior
mitral leaflet?
A) Mitral regurgitation
B) Mitral stenosis
C) Aortic regurgitation
D) Tricuspid stenosis
Rationale: Rheumatic mitral stenosis causes thickening and doming of the anterior leaflet.
11. Which echocardiographic measurement represents left ventricular systolic function?
A) LV end-diastolic diameter
B) Fractional shortening
C) LV wall thickness
D) E-point septal separation
Rationale: Fractional shortening measures contractility and correlates with ejection fraction.
12. The normal range for pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is:
A) 10–20 mmHg
B) 15–30 mmHg
C) 25–40 mmHg
D) 5–10 mmHg
Rationale: PASP >35 mmHg indicates possible pulmonary hypertension.
13. What is the primary ultrasound artifact seen when sound bounces between strong
reflectors?
A) Shadowing
B) Refraction
C) Reverberation
D) Mirror image
Rationale: Reverberation occurs when echoes repeatedly reflect between interfaces.
, 14. What does the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) represent?
A) Time between mitral opening and aortic closing
B) Time between aortic closure and mitral opening
C) Time between mitral and tricuspid opening
D) Systolic ejection duration
Rationale: IVRT occurs when all valves are closed and ventricular pressure is falling.
15. Which parameter increases with preload?
A) Ejection fraction
B) Stroke volume
C) Afterload
D) Resistance
Rationale: Increased venous return increases stroke volume through the Frank–Starling
mechanism.
16. Which valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle?
A) Aortic valve
B) Pulmonic valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Mitral valve
Rationale: The tricuspid valve ensures one-way blood flow from the right atrium to the right
ventricle.
17. Which cardiac structure is most posterior?
A) Right ventricle
B) Right atrium
C) Left atrium
D) Aortic root
Rationale: The left atrium lies posteriorly and forms the base of the heart.
18. What is the typical normal range for aortic valve area (AVA)?
A) 1.0–1.5 cm²
B) 2.5–4.0 cm²
C) 0.5–1.0 cm²
D) >5.0 cm²
Rationale: Normal AVA is 2.5–4.0 cm²; severe stenosis is <1.0 cm².
LATEST VERSION COVERING THE RECENT MOST TESTED QUESTIONS
PERFECT FOR A+ GRADE
1. Which cardiac chamber lies most anterior in the chest?
A) Left atrium
B) Left ventricle
C) Right ventricle
D) Right atrium
Rationale: The right ventricle forms the anterior surface of the heart and lies closest to the
chest wall.
2. What is the normal range for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)?
A) 35–45%
B) 55–70%
C) 70–85%
D) 25–40%
Rationale: A normal LVEF is between 55–70%; values below 50% indicate possible systolic
dysfunction.
3. Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A) Pulmonic valve
B) Mitral valve
C) Aortic valve
D) Tricuspid valve
Rationale: The mitral valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle and prevents backflow
during systole.
4. Which echocardiographic view best visualizes the left atrial appendage?
A) Parasternal long axis
B) Apical two-chamber
C) Subcostal four-chamber
D) Parasternal short axis
Rationale: The apical two-chamber and TEE views provide the clearest view of the left atrial
appendage.
,5. What is the normal range for the mitral E/A ratio in adults?
A) 0.5–0.8
B) 1.0–1.5
C) 2.0–3.0
D) 0.3–0.5
Rationale: A normal E/A ratio around 1–1.5 indicates normal left ventricular filling pressures.
6. Which transducer frequency is typically used for adult transthoracic echocardiography?
A) 10–15 MHz
B) 7–9 MHz
C) 2–4 MHz
D) 1 MHz
Rationale: Lower-frequency transducers (2–4 MHz) provide better penetration for adult
imaging.
7. What does the Bernoulli equation estimate in echocardiography?
A) Chamber volume
B) Pressure gradient
C) Stroke volume
D) Cardiac output
Rationale: The simplified Bernoulli equation (ΔP = 4v²) calculates pressure gradients across
valves.
8. Which Doppler mode measures blood flow velocity along the entire sample line?
A) Color Doppler
B) Continuous-wave Doppler
C) Pulse-wave Doppler
D) M-mode
Rationale: CW Doppler measures high velocities but lacks range specificity.
9. Which structure prevents prolapse of the atrioventricular valves during systole?
A) Valve cusps
B) Sinuses of Valsalva
C) Chordae tendineae
,D) Annulus fibrosus
Rationale: Chordae tendineae anchor the valve leaflets to papillary muscles to prevent
prolapse.
10. Which valve abnormality is characterized by a “hockey-stick” appearance of the anterior
mitral leaflet?
A) Mitral regurgitation
B) Mitral stenosis
C) Aortic regurgitation
D) Tricuspid stenosis
Rationale: Rheumatic mitral stenosis causes thickening and doming of the anterior leaflet.
11. Which echocardiographic measurement represents left ventricular systolic function?
A) LV end-diastolic diameter
B) Fractional shortening
C) LV wall thickness
D) E-point septal separation
Rationale: Fractional shortening measures contractility and correlates with ejection fraction.
12. The normal range for pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is:
A) 10–20 mmHg
B) 15–30 mmHg
C) 25–40 mmHg
D) 5–10 mmHg
Rationale: PASP >35 mmHg indicates possible pulmonary hypertension.
13. What is the primary ultrasound artifact seen when sound bounces between strong
reflectors?
A) Shadowing
B) Refraction
C) Reverberation
D) Mirror image
Rationale: Reverberation occurs when echoes repeatedly reflect between interfaces.
, 14. What does the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) represent?
A) Time between mitral opening and aortic closing
B) Time between aortic closure and mitral opening
C) Time between mitral and tricuspid opening
D) Systolic ejection duration
Rationale: IVRT occurs when all valves are closed and ventricular pressure is falling.
15. Which parameter increases with preload?
A) Ejection fraction
B) Stroke volume
C) Afterload
D) Resistance
Rationale: Increased venous return increases stroke volume through the Frank–Starling
mechanism.
16. Which valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle?
A) Aortic valve
B) Pulmonic valve
C) Tricuspid valve
D) Mitral valve
Rationale: The tricuspid valve ensures one-way blood flow from the right atrium to the right
ventricle.
17. Which cardiac structure is most posterior?
A) Right ventricle
B) Right atrium
C) Left atrium
D) Aortic root
Rationale: The left atrium lies posteriorly and forms the base of the heart.
18. What is the typical normal range for aortic valve area (AVA)?
A) 1.0–1.5 cm²
B) 2.5–4.0 cm²
C) 0.5–1.0 cm²
D) >5.0 cm²
Rationale: Normal AVA is 2.5–4.0 cm²; severe stenosis is <1.0 cm².
