HESI LPN FUNDAMENTAL EXAM WITH
ANSWERS
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which action by
the nurse best ensures client safety?
A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. - ANSWER-B
Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails
should be up on the opposite side to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed.
Option A can cause client injury to the skin or joint. Options C and D are useful
techniques while turning a client but have less priority in terms of safety than use
of the bed rails.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with partial-thickness
(second-degree) and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What intervention has the
highest priority in decreasing the client's risk of infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful handwashing technique
C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns - ANSWER-B
Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective intervention
for the prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A reverses the
hypovolemia that initially accompanies burn trauma but is not related to decreasing
the proliferation of infective organisms. Options C and D are recommended by
,various burn centers as possible ways to reduce the chance of infection. Option B
is a proven technique to prevent infection.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients served by
a community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most
reliable indicator of chronic protein malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level - ANSWER-A
Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered
serum albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when adequate amounts
of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are available. Albumin has a long half-
life, so acute protein loss does not significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a
serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute
protein deficiency. Options C and D are not clinical measures of protein
malnutrition.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the operative
permit is not signed. The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical
procedure. Which action should the nurse take next?
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client has
questions about the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before the
anesthesia is administered. - ANSWER-C
,Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not
signed. It is the surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure to the client and
obtain the client's signature on the permit. Although the nurse can witness an
operative permit, the procedure must first be explained by the health care provider
or surgeon, including answering the client's questions. The client's questions
should be addressed before the permit is signed.
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor in a client's
history poses the greatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?
A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months - ANSWER-B
Rationale:
Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a
threat for the development of surgical complications. The health care provider
should be informed that the client is taking these drugs. Although clients who take
birth control pills may be more susceptible to the development of thrombi, such
problems usually occur postoperatively. A client with option C or D is at less of a
surgical risk than with option B.
When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is best for the
nurse to follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head of the bed and
assist the client in moving to the chair.
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the client's knees,
stand and pivot the client into the chair.
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward, underneath the
axillae.
, D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the nurse's neck, and
gently move the client to the chair. - ANSWER-B
Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of the nurse and affords the
nurse a wide base of support while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting to a
standing position. The chair should be placed at a 45-degree angle to the bed, with
the back of the chair toward the head of the bed. Clients should never be lifted
under the axillae; this could damage nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client
should be instructed to use the arms of the chair and should never place his or her
arms around the nurse's neck; this places undue stress on the nurse's neck and back
and increases the risk for a fall.
Which step(s) should the nurse take when administering ear drops to an adult
client? (Select all that apply.)
A. Place the client in a side-lying position.
B. Pull the auricle upward and outward.
C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above the ear canal.
D. Place a cotton ball into the inner canal.
E. Pull the auricle down and back. - ANSWER-A, B
Rationale: The correct answers (A and B) are the appropriate administration of ear
drops. The dropper should be held 1 cm (½ inch) above the ear canal (C). A cotton
ball should be placed in the outermost canal (D). The auricle is pulled down and
back for a child younger than 3 years of age, but not an adult (E).
The nurse is instructing a client in the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler. Which
instruction should the nurse provide the client to ensure the optimal benefits from
the drug?
A. "Fill your lungs with air through your mouth and then compress the inhaler."
B. "Compress the inhaler while slowly breathing in through your mouth."
ANSWERS
When turning an immobile bedridden client without assistance, which action by
the nurse best ensures client safety?
A. Securely grasp the client's arm and leg.
B. Put bed rails up on the side of bed opposite from the nurse.
C. Correctly position and use a turn sheet.
D. Lower the head of the client's bed slowly. - ANSWER-B
Rationale: Because the nurse can only stand on one side of the bed, bed rails
should be up on the opposite side to ensure that the client does not fall out of bed.
Option A can cause client injury to the skin or joint. Options C and D are useful
techniques while turning a client but have less priority in terms of safety than use
of the bed rails.
The nurse identifies a potential for infection in a client with partial-thickness
(second-degree) and full-thickness (third-degree) burns. What intervention has the
highest priority in decreasing the client's risk of infection?
A. Administration of plasma expanders
B. Use of careful handwashing technique
C. Application of a topical antibacterial cream
D. Limiting visitors to the client with burns - ANSWER-B
Rationale: Careful handwashing technique is the single most effective intervention
for the prevention of contamination to all clients. Option A reverses the
hypovolemia that initially accompanies burn trauma but is not related to decreasing
the proliferation of infective organisms. Options C and D are recommended by
,various burn centers as possible ways to reduce the chance of infection. Option B
is a proven technique to prevent infection.
The nurse is aware that malnutrition is a common problem among clients served by
a community health clinic for the homeless. Which laboratory value is the most
reliable indicator of chronic protein malnutrition?
A. Low serum albumin level
B. Low serum transferrin level
C. High hemoglobin level
D. High cholesterol level - ANSWER-A
Rationale: Long-term protein deficiency is required to cause significantly lowered
serum albumin levels. Albumin is made by the liver only when adequate amounts
of amino acids (from protein breakdown) are available. Albumin has a long half-
life, so acute protein loss does not significantly alter serum levels. Option B is a
serum protein with a half-life of only 8 to 10 days, so it will drop with an acute
protein deficiency. Options C and D are not clinical measures of protein
malnutrition.
In completing a client's preoperative routine, the nurse finds that the operative
permit is not signed. The client begins to ask more questions about the surgical
procedure. Which action should the nurse take next?
A. Witness the client's signature to the permit.
B. Answer the client's questions about the surgery.
C. Inform the surgeon that the operative permit is not signed and the client has
questions about the surgery.
D. Reassure the client that the surgeon will answer any questions before the
anesthesia is administered. - ANSWER-C
,Rationale: The surgeon should be informed immediately that the permit is not
signed. It is the surgeon's responsibility to explain the procedure to the client and
obtain the client's signature on the permit. Although the nurse can witness an
operative permit, the procedure must first be explained by the health care provider
or surgeon, including answering the client's questions. The client's questions
should be addressed before the permit is signed.
The nurse is assessing several clients prior to surgery. Which factor in a client's
history poses the greatest threat for complications to occur during surgery?
A. Taking birth control pills for the past 2 years
B. Taking anticoagulants for the past year
C. Recently completing antibiotic therapy
D. Having taken laxatives PRN for the last 6 months - ANSWER-B
Rationale:
Anticoagulants increase the risk for bleeding during surgery, which can pose a
threat for the development of surgical complications. The health care provider
should be informed that the client is taking these drugs. Although clients who take
birth control pills may be more susceptible to the development of thrombi, such
problems usually occur postoperatively. A client with option C or D is at less of a
surgical risk than with option B.
When assisting a client from the bed to a chair, which procedure is best for the
nurse to follow?
A. Place the chair parallel to the bed, with its back toward the head of the bed and
assist the client in moving to the chair.
B. With the nurse's feet spread apart and knees aligned with the client's knees,
stand and pivot the client into the chair.
C. Assist the client to a standing position by gently lifting upward, underneath the
axillae.
, D. Stand beside the client, place the client's arms around the nurse's neck, and
gently move the client to the chair. - ANSWER-B
Rationale: Option B describes the correct positioning of the nurse and affords the
nurse a wide base of support while stabilizing the client's knees when assisting to a
standing position. The chair should be placed at a 45-degree angle to the bed, with
the back of the chair toward the head of the bed. Clients should never be lifted
under the axillae; this could damage nerves and strain the nurse's back. The client
should be instructed to use the arms of the chair and should never place his or her
arms around the nurse's neck; this places undue stress on the nurse's neck and back
and increases the risk for a fall.
Which step(s) should the nurse take when administering ear drops to an adult
client? (Select all that apply.)
A. Place the client in a side-lying position.
B. Pull the auricle upward and outward.
C. Hold the dropper 6 cm above the ear canal.
D. Place a cotton ball into the inner canal.
E. Pull the auricle down and back. - ANSWER-A, B
Rationale: The correct answers (A and B) are the appropriate administration of ear
drops. The dropper should be held 1 cm (½ inch) above the ear canal (C). A cotton
ball should be placed in the outermost canal (D). The auricle is pulled down and
back for a child younger than 3 years of age, but not an adult (E).
The nurse is instructing a client in the proper use of a metered-dose inhaler. Which
instruction should the nurse provide the client to ensure the optimal benefits from
the drug?
A. "Fill your lungs with air through your mouth and then compress the inhaler."
B. "Compress the inhaler while slowly breathing in through your mouth."
