WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness/ WGU - Health,
Fitness, and Wellness C458 2 SETS COMPILED WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEW!! 2025/2026 NEW!!
Nutri on - Ans provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutri on - Ans implies that the individual is not ge ng enough nutrients. This can occur
even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutri on - Ans an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - Ans literally means loss of appe te, but this is a misnomer: A person with
this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irra onal fear of becoming fat. Self-
starva on, food preoccupa on and rituals, compulsive exercising, and o%en an absence of
menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - Ans characterized by recurring periods of binge ea ng, during which large amounts
of food are consumed in a short period of me followed by purging (through self-induced
vomi ng, abuse of laxa ves and/or diure cs) or periods of fas ng
Binge ea ng disorder (BED) - Ans episodes of binge ea ng characterized by ea ng rapidly,
ea ng large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed
a%er overea ng.
Obesity - Ans 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary pa3erns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened so% drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
,and large por on sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals - Ans inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base
neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmo c pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals - Ans needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals - Ans required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium,
copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - Ans protect the body against heart disease. O%en
called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - Ans most cholesterol in the blood is of this type.
O%en referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fa3y
deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart a3ack
Lipoproteins - Ans large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is
transported
, An oxidants - Ans slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free
radicals produced during oxida on reac ons
Oxida on reac ons - Ans the energy-yielding reac ons in which either an oxygen atom adds
an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a par al or complete loss of a nega vely
charge par cle, an electron. Two par ally charged atoms or groups of atoms, one posi vely
charged and the other nega vely charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - Ans any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron.
Because electrons typically func on in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates
in an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is
poten al for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates - Ans produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta,
and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein - Ans produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk.
Composed of 8 essen al(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessen al(synthesized by the body)
amino acids. Perform many func ons including building cells and ssues, forming blood and
enzymes, and figh ng infec on.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take place,
without it
Lipids - Ans produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily
dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly
known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein - Ans proteins that are lacking one or more of the essen al amino acids
, Glycogen - Ans the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose - Ans simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to func on
Triglycerides (Fats) - Ans Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that
contain fa3y acids, o%en in very long strands. Most concentrated source of energy in the diet.
Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against changes in
environmental temperature. Protect the organs and underlying ssues by ac ng as a shock
absorber.
Water - Ans essen al component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in importance to
body func oning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically important
compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products from the cells and helps
regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet and also is produced by the
metabolic processing of energy nutrients within the ssues
Oils - Ans liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins - Ans organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and
prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not become part of the
body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the diet because the body is not
able to synthesize them in the required quan es for proper nourishment and body func on.
Foster growth, promote the ability to produce healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the
normal func on of the diges ve tract and appe te, and help maintain immune system
func ons.
Fat-soluble vitamins - Ans found in the fa3y parts of food and body ssues. Stored in the body
un l needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every day. Transported by lipids through
the body; A, D, E, and K
Fitness, and Wellness C458 2 SETS COMPILED WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION NEW!! 2025/2026 NEW!!
Nutri on - Ans provides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks
Undernutri on - Ans implies that the individual is not ge ng enough nutrients. This can occur
even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
Malnutri on - Ans an imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosa - Ans literally means loss of appe te, but this is a misnomer: A person with
this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irra onal fear of becoming fat. Self-
starva on, food preoccupa on and rituals, compulsive exercising, and o%en an absence of
menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
Bulimia - Ans characterized by recurring periods of binge ea ng, during which large amounts
of food are consumed in a short period of me followed by purging (through self-induced
vomi ng, abuse of laxa ves and/or diure cs) or periods of fas ng
Binge ea ng disorder (BED) - Ans episodes of binge ea ng characterized by ea ng rapidly,
ea ng large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or depressed
a%er overea ng.
Obesity - Ans 15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary pa3erns; include increased
intake of sugars in sweetened so% drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low nutrient density,
,and large por on sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes,
hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
Minerals - Ans inorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-base
neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmo c pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major minerals - Ans needed by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace minerals - Ans required in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium,
copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - Ans protect the body against heart disease. O%en
called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - Ans most cholesterol in the blood is of this type.
O%en referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the risk of fa3y
deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart a3ack
Lipoproteins - Ans large molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how cholesterol is
transported
, An oxidants - Ans slow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with free
radicals produced during oxida on reac ons
Oxida on reac ons - Ans the energy-yielding reac ons in which either an oxygen atom adds
an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a group of atoms or
molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a par al or complete loss of a nega vely
charge par cle, an electron. Two par ally charged atoms or groups of atoms, one posi vely
charged and the other nega vely charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant) - Ans any atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired electron.
Because electrons typically func on in pairs, these are very prone to binding to other substrates
in an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the human body, there is
poten al for a great deal of damage.
Carbohydrates - Ans produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, vegetables, pasta,
and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
Protein - Ans produce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and milk.
Composed of 8 essen al(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessen al(synthesized by the body)
amino acids. Perform many func ons including building cells and ssues, forming blood and
enzymes, and figh ng infec on.
means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take place,
without it
Lipids - Ans produce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not readily
dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides (more commonly
known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete protein - Ans proteins that are lacking one or more of the essen al amino acids
, Glycogen - Ans the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
Glucose - Ans simple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to func on
Triglycerides (Fats) - Ans Solid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds that
contain fa3y acids, o%en in very long strands. Most concentrated source of energy in the diet.
Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate body organs against changes in
environmental temperature. Protect the organs and underlying ssues by ac ng as a shock
absorber.
Water - Ans essen al component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in importance to
body func oning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically important
compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products from the cells and helps
regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet and also is produced by the
metabolic processing of energy nutrients within the ssues
Oils - Ans liquid at room temperature.
Vitamins - Ans organic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain health and
prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not become part of the
body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the diet because the body is not
able to synthesize them in the required quan es for proper nourishment and body func on.
Foster growth, promote the ability to produce healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the
normal func on of the diges ve tract and appe te, and help maintain immune system
func ons.
Fat-soluble vitamins - Ans found in the fa3y parts of food and body ssues. Stored in the body
un l needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every day. Transported by lipids through
the body; A, D, E, and K
