C952 - COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Personal computer (PC) - ANS A computer designed for use by an individual, usually
incorporating a graphics display, a keyboard, and a mouse.
Server - ANS A computer used for running larger programs for multiple users, often
simultaneously, and typically accessed only via a network.
Supercomputer: - ANS A class of computers with the highest performance and cost; they are
configured as servers and typically cost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars.
Embedded computer: - ANS A computer inside another device used for running one
predetermined application or collection of software.
Personal mobile devices (PMDs) - ANS are small wireless devices to connect to the Internet;
they rely on batteries for power, and software is installed by downloading apps. Conventional
examples are smart phones and tablets.
Cloud computing - ANS refers to large collections of servers that provide services over the
Internet; some providers rent dynamically varying numbers of servers as a utility.
Software as a Service (SaaS) - ANS delivers software and data as a service over the Internet,
usually via a thin program such as a browser that runs on local client devices, instead of binary
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,code that must be installed, and runs wholly on that device. Examples include web search and
social networking.
Multicore microprocessor - ANS A microprocessor containing multiple processors ("cores") in
a single integrated circuit.
Acronym - ANS A word constructed by taking the initial letters of a string of words. For
example: RAM is an acronym for Random Access Memory, and CPU is an acronym for Central
Processing Unit.
Terabyte (TB): - ANS Originally 1,099,511,627,776 (240) bytes, although communications and
secondary storage systems developers started using the term to mean 1,000,000,000,000
(1012) bytes. To reduce confusion, we now use the term tebibyte (TiB) for 240 bytes, defining
terabyte (TB) to mean 1012 bytes. The figure below shows the full range of decimal and binary
values and names.
Systems software: - ANS Software that provides services that are commonly useful, including
operating systems, compilers, loaders, and assemblers.
Operating system - ANS Supervising program that manages the resources of a computer for
the benefit of the programs that run on that computer.
Compiler - ANS A program that translates high-level language statements into assembly
language statements.
Binary digit - ANS Also called a bit. One of the two numbers in base 2 (0 or 1) that are the
components of information.
Instruction - ANS A command that computer hardware understands and obeys
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Assembler - ANS A program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary
version.
Assembly language - ANS A symbolic representation of machine instructions.
Machine language - ANS A binary representation of machine instructions
High-level programming language - ANS A portable language such as C, C++, Java, or Visual
Basic that is composed of words and algebraic notation that can be translated by a compiler
into assembly language.
Input device - ANS A mechanism through which the computer is fed information, such as a
keyboard.
Output device - ANS A mechanism that conveys the result of a computation to a user, such
as a display, or to another computer
Liquid crystal display: - ANS A display technology using a thin layer of liquid polymers that
can be used to transmit or block light according to whether a charge is applied.
Active matrix display - ANS A liquid crystal display using a transistor to control the
transmission of light at each individual pixel.
Pixel - ANS The smallest individual picture element. Screens are composed of hundreds of
thousands to millions of pixels, organized in a matrix.
Integrated circuit - ANS Also called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of
transistors.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Central processor unit (CPU) - ANS Also called processor. The active part of the computer,
which contains the datapath and control and which adds numbers, tests numbers, signals I/O
devices to activate, and so on.
Datapath - ANS The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations.
Control - ANS The component of the processor that commands the datapath, memory, and
I/O devices according to the instructions of the program.
Memory - ANS The storage area in which programs are kept when they are running and that
contains the data needed by the running programs.
Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) - ANS Memory built as an integrated circuit; it
provides random access to any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per gigabyte
in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Cache memory - ANS A small, fast memory that acts as a buffer for a slower, larger memory.
Static random access memory (SRAM): - ANS Also memory built as an integrated circuit, but
faster and less dense than DRAM.
Instruction set architecture - ANS Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the
hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to
write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, registers,
memory access, I/O, and so on.
Application binary interface (ABI) - ANS The user portion of the instruction set plus the
operating system interfaces used by application programmers. It defines a standard for binary
portability across computers.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Personal computer (PC) - ANS A computer designed for use by an individual, usually
incorporating a graphics display, a keyboard, and a mouse.
Server - ANS A computer used for running larger programs for multiple users, often
simultaneously, and typically accessed only via a network.
Supercomputer: - ANS A class of computers with the highest performance and cost; they are
configured as servers and typically cost tens to hundreds of millions of dollars.
Embedded computer: - ANS A computer inside another device used for running one
predetermined application or collection of software.
Personal mobile devices (PMDs) - ANS are small wireless devices to connect to the Internet;
they rely on batteries for power, and software is installed by downloading apps. Conventional
examples are smart phones and tablets.
Cloud computing - ANS refers to large collections of servers that provide services over the
Internet; some providers rent dynamically varying numbers of servers as a utility.
Software as a Service (SaaS) - ANS delivers software and data as a service over the Internet,
usually via a thin program such as a browser that runs on local client devices, instead of binary
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,code that must be installed, and runs wholly on that device. Examples include web search and
social networking.
Multicore microprocessor - ANS A microprocessor containing multiple processors ("cores") in
a single integrated circuit.
Acronym - ANS A word constructed by taking the initial letters of a string of words. For
example: RAM is an acronym for Random Access Memory, and CPU is an acronym for Central
Processing Unit.
Terabyte (TB): - ANS Originally 1,099,511,627,776 (240) bytes, although communications and
secondary storage systems developers started using the term to mean 1,000,000,000,000
(1012) bytes. To reduce confusion, we now use the term tebibyte (TiB) for 240 bytes, defining
terabyte (TB) to mean 1012 bytes. The figure below shows the full range of decimal and binary
values and names.
Systems software: - ANS Software that provides services that are commonly useful, including
operating systems, compilers, loaders, and assemblers.
Operating system - ANS Supervising program that manages the resources of a computer for
the benefit of the programs that run on that computer.
Compiler - ANS A program that translates high-level language statements into assembly
language statements.
Binary digit - ANS Also called a bit. One of the two numbers in base 2 (0 or 1) that are the
components of information.
Instruction - ANS A command that computer hardware understands and obeys
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Assembler - ANS A program that translates a symbolic version of instructions into the binary
version.
Assembly language - ANS A symbolic representation of machine instructions.
Machine language - ANS A binary representation of machine instructions
High-level programming language - ANS A portable language such as C, C++, Java, or Visual
Basic that is composed of words and algebraic notation that can be translated by a compiler
into assembly language.
Input device - ANS A mechanism through which the computer is fed information, such as a
keyboard.
Output device - ANS A mechanism that conveys the result of a computation to a user, such
as a display, or to another computer
Liquid crystal display: - ANS A display technology using a thin layer of liquid polymers that
can be used to transmit or block light according to whether a charge is applied.
Active matrix display - ANS A liquid crystal display using a transistor to control the
transmission of light at each individual pixel.
Pixel - ANS The smallest individual picture element. Screens are composed of hundreds of
thousands to millions of pixels, organized in a matrix.
Integrated circuit - ANS Also called a chip. A device combining dozens to millions of
transistors.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Central processor unit (CPU) - ANS Also called processor. The active part of the computer,
which contains the datapath and control and which adds numbers, tests numbers, signals I/O
devices to activate, and so on.
Datapath - ANS The component of the processor that performs arithmetic operations.
Control - ANS The component of the processor that commands the datapath, memory, and
I/O devices according to the instructions of the program.
Memory - ANS The storage area in which programs are kept when they are running and that
contains the data needed by the running programs.
Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) - ANS Memory built as an integrated circuit; it
provides random access to any location. Access times are 50 nanoseconds and cost per gigabyte
in 2012 was $5 to $10.
Cache memory - ANS A small, fast memory that acts as a buffer for a slower, larger memory.
Static random access memory (SRAM): - ANS Also memory built as an integrated circuit, but
faster and less dense than DRAM.
Instruction set architecture - ANS Also called architecture. An abstract interface between the
hardware and the lowest-level software that encompasses all the information necessary to
write a machine language program that will run correctly, including instructions, registers,
memory access, I/O, and so on.
Application binary interface (ABI) - ANS The user portion of the instruction set plus the
operating system interfaces used by application programmers. It defines a standard for binary
portability across computers.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
