CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
CHAPTER 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion (5
items)
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention
Question (stem)
A 58-year-old man with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and a
30–pack-year smoking history asks which cancer screening will
most likely improve his long-term mortality. Which screening
,does current CMDT recommend as highest priority for mortality
reduction in this patient’s demographic/risk profile?
A. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening
B. Routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing
C. Annual abdominal ultrasound for hepatocellular carcinoma
D. Screening colonoscopy starting now
Correct answer
A
Rationale — correct
Low-dose CT screening reduces lung-cancer mortality in high-
risk adults (heavy smokers age 50–80 with relevant smoking
history) and is recommended as a priority for a 30–pack-year
smoker. This directly targets the patient’s highest attributable
cancer risk. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Rationale — incorrect
B. Routine PSA testing is individualized and not universally
recommended for all men; benefits vs harms require shared
decision-making. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
C. Abdominal ultrasound for HCC is for select patients with
cirrhosis or high HCC risk, not routine in this patient.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
D. Colonoscopy is recommended by age 45–50 for average risk
and is important, but in this patient lung-cancer screening
addresses a higher immediate mortality risk given smoking
history. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
,Teaching point
Target screening to the patient’s highest-risk exposures (eg, lung
CT for heavy smokers).
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention
Question (stem)
A 67-year-old woman with hypertension and chronic kidney
disease stage 3 asks about aspirin for primary prevention of
ASCVD. Based on CMDT guidance, what is the best counseling
point?
A. Start low-dose aspirin because age >65 uniformly reduces
cardiovascular events.
B. Avoid routine aspirin for primary prevention due to increased
bleeding risk; individualize decision.
C. Prescribe aspirin only if LDL >190 mg/dL.
D. Begin aspirin and add clopidogrel for maximal primary
prevention.
, Correct answer
B
Rationale — correct
Recent guidance summarized in CMDT favors individualizing
aspirin for primary prevention because the modest ASCVD
benefit is offset by increased major bleeding risk, especially in
older adults and those with comorbidities. Shared decision-
making is emphasized. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Rationale — incorrect
A. Age >65 does not automatically mandate aspirin; bleeding
risk often outweighs benefit. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
C. LDL >190 is an indication for high-intensity statin, not
automatic aspirin for primary prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
D. Dual antiplatelet therapy increases bleeding and is not
recommended for primary prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Teaching point
Aspirin for primary prevention must be individualized; bleeding
risk often limits benefit.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
CHAPTER 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion (5
items)
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention
Question (stem)
A 58-year-old man with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and a
30–pack-year smoking history asks which cancer screening will
most likely improve his long-term mortality. Which screening
,does current CMDT recommend as highest priority for mortality
reduction in this patient’s demographic/risk profile?
A. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening
B. Routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing
C. Annual abdominal ultrasound for hepatocellular carcinoma
D. Screening colonoscopy starting now
Correct answer
A
Rationale — correct
Low-dose CT screening reduces lung-cancer mortality in high-
risk adults (heavy smokers age 50–80 with relevant smoking
history) and is recommended as a priority for a 30–pack-year
smoker. This directly targets the patient’s highest attributable
cancer risk. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Rationale — incorrect
B. Routine PSA testing is individualized and not universally
recommended for all men; benefits vs harms require shared
decision-making. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
C. Abdominal ultrasound for HCC is for select patients with
cirrhosis or high HCC risk, not routine in this patient.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
D. Colonoscopy is recommended by age 45–50 for average risk
and is important, but in this patient lung-cancer screening
addresses a higher immediate mortality risk given smoking
history. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
,Teaching point
Target screening to the patient’s highest-risk exposures (eg, lung
CT for heavy smokers).
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention
Question (stem)
A 67-year-old woman with hypertension and chronic kidney
disease stage 3 asks about aspirin for primary prevention of
ASCVD. Based on CMDT guidance, what is the best counseling
point?
A. Start low-dose aspirin because age >65 uniformly reduces
cardiovascular events.
B. Avoid routine aspirin for primary prevention due to increased
bleeding risk; individualize decision.
C. Prescribe aspirin only if LDL >190 mg/dL.
D. Begin aspirin and add clopidogrel for maximal primary
prevention.
, Correct answer
B
Rationale — correct
Recent guidance summarized in CMDT favors individualizing
aspirin for primary prevention because the modest ASCVD
benefit is offset by increased major bleeding risk, especially in
older adults and those with comorbidities. Shared decision-
making is emphasized. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Rationale — incorrect
A. Age >65 does not automatically mandate aspirin; bleeding
risk often outweighs benefit. accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
C. LDL >190 is an indication for high-intensity statin, not
automatic aspirin for primary prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
D. Dual antiplatelet therapy increases bleeding and is not
recommended for primary prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Teaching point
Aspirin for primary prevention must be individualized; bleeding
risk often limits benefit.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
