CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Part A — CH. 1: Disease Prevention & Health Promotion (5
items)
1) Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention
Question (stem)
A 52-year-old man with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and
hypertension asks which preventive measure most reduces his
long-term risk of both cardiovascular disease and diabetic
microvascular complications.
,A. Annual influenza vaccination
B. Smoking cessation and sustained blood pressure control
C. Routine use of aspirin for primary prevention
D. Starting a statin only if LDL >160 mg/dL
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (B)
Sustained blood-pressure control and smoking cessation yield
the greatest combined benefit for macrovascular
(cardiovascular) and microvascular diabetic complications by
lowering vascular stress and progression of endothelial damage.
This aligns with CMDT emphasis on risk-factor modification as
highest-yield prevention.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Influenza vaccination reduces infectious morbidity but has
smaller impact on long-term vascular and microvascular risk.
C. Aspirin is not routinely recommended for primary prevention
in many patients due to bleeding risk; benefits are
individualized.
D. Waiting to treat lipids only at LDL >160 mg/dL
underestimates benefit of statin therapy for cardiovascular risk
reduction in diabetes; many guidelines recommend statins
based on overall risk.
Teaching point
Control blood pressure and stop smoking for greatest
prevention of vascular complications.
,Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Immunizations & Adult Vaccination
Question (stem)
A 68-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) asks about vaccinations. Which vaccine
recommendation most directly reduces hospitalizations and
serious respiratory complications in older adults with COPD?
A. Tetanus-diphtheria booster every 10 years
B. Annual influenza vaccine plus pneumococcal vaccination per
age-based schedule
C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination
D. Live attenuated zoster vaccine only if prior confirmed
varicella infection
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (B)
Annual influenza vaccine and age-appropriate pneumococcal
vaccination reduce influenza- and pneumococcal-related
exacerbations and hospitalizations in older adults with COPD;
, CMDT highlights these vaccines as high-priority for chronic
respiratory disease.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Tdap/Td prevents tetanus/diphtheria but has minimal effect
on respiratory hospitalization risk.
C. HPV vaccine prevents certain cancers and warts but is not
indicated for older adults for respiratory protection.
D. Herpes zoster vaccination (recombinant) is recommended for
older adults, but wording “live attenuated” and requirement of
prior varicella are misleading; recombinant zoster vaccine is
preferred.
Teaching point
Prioritize annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccines for older
adults with chronic lung disease.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Screening &
Risk Stratification
Question (stem)
A 44-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer
asks about mammography. According to evidence-based
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Part A — CH. 1: Disease Prevention & Health Promotion (5
items)
1) Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention
Question (stem)
A 52-year-old man with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and
hypertension asks which preventive measure most reduces his
long-term risk of both cardiovascular disease and diabetic
microvascular complications.
,A. Annual influenza vaccination
B. Smoking cessation and sustained blood pressure control
C. Routine use of aspirin for primary prevention
D. Starting a statin only if LDL >160 mg/dL
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (B)
Sustained blood-pressure control and smoking cessation yield
the greatest combined benefit for macrovascular
(cardiovascular) and microvascular diabetic complications by
lowering vascular stress and progression of endothelial damage.
This aligns with CMDT emphasis on risk-factor modification as
highest-yield prevention.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Influenza vaccination reduces infectious morbidity but has
smaller impact on long-term vascular and microvascular risk.
C. Aspirin is not routinely recommended for primary prevention
in many patients due to bleeding risk; benefits are
individualized.
D. Waiting to treat lipids only at LDL >160 mg/dL
underestimates benefit of statin therapy for cardiovascular risk
reduction in diabetes; many guidelines recommend statins
based on overall risk.
Teaching point
Control blood pressure and stop smoking for greatest
prevention of vascular complications.
,Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2) Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Immunizations & Adult Vaccination
Question (stem)
A 68-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) asks about vaccinations. Which vaccine
recommendation most directly reduces hospitalizations and
serious respiratory complications in older adults with COPD?
A. Tetanus-diphtheria booster every 10 years
B. Annual influenza vaccine plus pneumococcal vaccination per
age-based schedule
C. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination
D. Live attenuated zoster vaccine only if prior confirmed
varicella infection
Correct answer
B
Rationale — Correct (B)
Annual influenza vaccine and age-appropriate pneumococcal
vaccination reduce influenza- and pneumococcal-related
exacerbations and hospitalizations in older adults with COPD;
, CMDT highlights these vaccines as high-priority for chronic
respiratory disease.
Rationale — Incorrect
A. Tdap/Td prevents tetanus/diphtheria but has minimal effect
on respiratory hospitalization risk.
C. HPV vaccine prevents certain cancers and warts but is not
indicated for older adults for respiratory protection.
D. Herpes zoster vaccination (recombinant) is recommended for
older adults, but wording “live attenuated” and requirement of
prior varicella are misleading; recombinant zoster vaccine is
preferred.
Teaching point
Prioritize annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccines for older
adults with chronic lung disease.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
3) Reference
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Screening &
Risk Stratification
Question (stem)
A 44-year-old woman with no family history of breast cancer
asks about mammography. According to evidence-based
