CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Items 1–5
1) Reference
Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Primary
Prevention: Immunizations and Screening
Question Stem
A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney
disease (stage 3) presents for a routine visit. Which
immunization should be prioritized now to reduce his risk of
invasive pneumococcal disease?
,Options
A. Annual inactivated influenza vaccine only
B. 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed
by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) as
indicated
C. Live attenuated zoster vaccine (single dose)
D. Hepatitis B vaccine series
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Immunocompromising conditions (including
CKD and diabetes as risk factors for invasive disease)
warrant pneumococcal vaccination following
recommended schedule—conjugate vaccine followed by
polysaccharide when indicated to broaden serotype
coverage. This reduces invasive pneumococcal disease risk.
• Incorrect (A): Influenza vaccination is important annually
but does not protect against pneumococcal disease (and
should not replace pneumococcal vaccination).
• Incorrect (C): Recombinant zoster vaccine is recommended
for older adults but is not the priority for preventing
pneumococcal invasive disease.
• Incorrect (D): Hepatitis B vaccination is indicated in select
adults with risk factors but is not primary for preventing
pneumococcal disease in this patient.
,Teaching Point
Prioritize pneumococcal conjugate then polysaccharide vaccines
for high-risk older adults.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2026). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health
Promotion.
2) Reference
Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Cancer
Screening: Shared Decision-Making
Question Stem
A 55-year-old woman with no significant comorbidities asks
whether she should continue routine screening mammography.
Which approach best aligns with evidence-based shared
decision-making?
Options
A. Recommend stopping mammography because benefits are
negligible after age 50
B. Automatically continue annual mammography without
discussing risks or preferences
C. Discuss risks and benefits, including overdiagnosis and false
positives, and incorporate her preferences into the plan
D. Recommend breast MRI instead of mammography for all
women over 50
, Correct Answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): Current screening guidance emphasizes shared
decision-making—discussing benefits, harms (false
positives, overdiagnosis), and patient preferences when
deciding interval and continuation.
• Incorrect (A): Screening benefits are not negligible after
50; many guidelines support continued screening with
individualized discussion.
• Incorrect (B): Automatic continuation without discussion
ignores patient values and potential harms.
• Incorrect (D): MRI is reserved for high-risk patients (e.g.,
BRCA carriers), not routine replacement for mammography
in average-risk women.
Teaching Point
Use shared decision-making for cancer screening decisions in
average-risk adults.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2026). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health
Promotion.
3) Reference
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Items 1–5
1) Reference
Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Primary
Prevention: Immunizations and Screening
Question Stem
A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney
disease (stage 3) presents for a routine visit. Which
immunization should be prioritized now to reduce his risk of
invasive pneumococcal disease?
,Options
A. Annual inactivated influenza vaccine only
B. 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed
by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) as
indicated
C. Live attenuated zoster vaccine (single dose)
D. Hepatitis B vaccine series
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Immunocompromising conditions (including
CKD and diabetes as risk factors for invasive disease)
warrant pneumococcal vaccination following
recommended schedule—conjugate vaccine followed by
polysaccharide when indicated to broaden serotype
coverage. This reduces invasive pneumococcal disease risk.
• Incorrect (A): Influenza vaccination is important annually
but does not protect against pneumococcal disease (and
should not replace pneumococcal vaccination).
• Incorrect (C): Recombinant zoster vaccine is recommended
for older adults but is not the priority for preventing
pneumococcal invasive disease.
• Incorrect (D): Hepatitis B vaccination is indicated in select
adults with risk factors but is not primary for preventing
pneumococcal disease in this patient.
,Teaching Point
Prioritize pneumococcal conjugate then polysaccharide vaccines
for high-risk older adults.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2026). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health
Promotion.
2) Reference
Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Cancer
Screening: Shared Decision-Making
Question Stem
A 55-year-old woman with no significant comorbidities asks
whether she should continue routine screening mammography.
Which approach best aligns with evidence-based shared
decision-making?
Options
A. Recommend stopping mammography because benefits are
negligible after age 50
B. Automatically continue annual mammography without
discussing risks or preferences
C. Discuss risks and benefits, including overdiagnosis and false
positives, and incorporate her preferences into the plan
D. Recommend breast MRI instead of mammography for all
women over 50
, Correct Answer
C
Rationales
• Correct (C): Current screening guidance emphasizes shared
decision-making—discussing benefits, harms (false
positives, overdiagnosis), and patient preferences when
deciding interval and continuation.
• Incorrect (A): Screening benefits are not negligible after
50; many guidelines support continued screening with
individualized discussion.
• Incorrect (B): Automatic continuation without discussion
ignores patient values and potential harms.
• Incorrect (D): MRI is reserved for high-risk patients (e.g.,
BRCA carriers), not routine replacement for mammography
in average-risk women.
Teaching Point
Use shared decision-making for cancer screening decisions in
average-risk adults.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2026). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. — Disease Prevention & Health
Promotion.
3) Reference
