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APHY 164 Final review Questions and
Correct Answers
Pleural Cavity Ans: contains the lungs
pericardial cavity Ans: contains the heart
Mediastinum Ans: Centrally located space between the lungs
Diaphragm Ans: a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating
the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in
breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax
and so inflates the lungs.
abdominal cavity Ans: Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and
liver, and other organs
pelvic cavity Ans: contains urinary bladder, portions of large
intestine, and internal organs of reproduction
cranial cavity Ans: contains the brain
Vertebral Cavity (Spinal Cavity) Ans: contains the spinal cord
Posterior (dorsal) body cavities Ans: cranial and vertebral
Ventral (anterior) body cavities Ans: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
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abdominopelvic cavity Ans: both the pelvic and abdominal
cavities
Isotopes Ans: Different forms of an element that have the same
number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Atom Ans: smallest unit of an element
Atomic mass Ans: number of protons and nuetrons
Atomic number Ans: number of protons
Nucleus Ans: where protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) are located
Electrons Ans: located outside the nucleus and have a negative
charge.
Covalent Bond Ans: atoms that share electrons and are the
strongest type of chemical bond.
Nonpolar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are equally shared
between the elements
Polar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared
between the elements in the bond
Ionic bonds Ans: formed by atoms that transfer electrons and the
resulting positive and negative energies are attracted to form an
ionic compound
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Ions Ans: atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons
Hydrogen bond Ans: when a hydrogen is bonded to an
electronegative atom it becomes slightly positive and is attacted to
another electronegative atom (weak)
blood Ans: liquid connective tissue, chief means of transport
within the body
plasma Ans: the liquid matrix found in blood vessels. composed
of water and dissolved substances (ex. plasma proteins,
electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances and waste
products)
formed elements Ans: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
erythrocytes Ans: red blood cells (RBC); no nucleus, contain
hemoglobin which carries oxygen
erythropoiesis Ans: production of red blood cells
hematocrit Ans: red blood cell volume, usually about 45%
anemia Ans: a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of
blood is reduced; characterized by reduced numbers of RBCs or a
low amount of hemoglobin
© 2025 All rights reserved
APHY 164 Final review Questions and
Correct Answers
Pleural Cavity Ans: contains the lungs
pericardial cavity Ans: contains the heart
Mediastinum Ans: Centrally located space between the lungs
Diaphragm Ans: a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating
the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in
breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax
and so inflates the lungs.
abdominal cavity Ans: Contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and
liver, and other organs
pelvic cavity Ans: contains urinary bladder, portions of large
intestine, and internal organs of reproduction
cranial cavity Ans: contains the brain
Vertebral Cavity (Spinal Cavity) Ans: contains the spinal cord
Posterior (dorsal) body cavities Ans: cranial and vertebral
Ventral (anterior) body cavities Ans: thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
abdominopelvic cavity Ans: both the pelvic and abdominal
cavities
Isotopes Ans: Different forms of an element that have the same
number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Atom Ans: smallest unit of an element
Atomic mass Ans: number of protons and nuetrons
Atomic number Ans: number of protons
Nucleus Ans: where protons (+) and neutrons (neutral) are located
Electrons Ans: located outside the nucleus and have a negative
charge.
Covalent Bond Ans: atoms that share electrons and are the
strongest type of chemical bond.
Nonpolar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are equally shared
between the elements
Polar Ans: covalent bond where electrons are unequally shared
between the elements in the bond
Ionic bonds Ans: formed by atoms that transfer electrons and the
resulting positive and negative energies are attracted to form an
ionic compound
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Ions Ans: atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons
Hydrogen bond Ans: when a hydrogen is bonded to an
electronegative atom it becomes slightly positive and is attacted to
another electronegative atom (weak)
blood Ans: liquid connective tissue, chief means of transport
within the body
plasma Ans: the liquid matrix found in blood vessels. composed
of water and dissolved substances (ex. plasma proteins,
electrolytes, nutrients, gases, regulatory substances and waste
products)
formed elements Ans: RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
erythrocytes Ans: red blood cells (RBC); no nucleus, contain
hemoglobin which carries oxygen
erythropoiesis Ans: production of red blood cells
hematocrit Ans: red blood cell volume, usually about 45%
anemia Ans: a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of
blood is reduced; characterized by reduced numbers of RBCs or a
low amount of hemoglobin
© 2025 All rights reserved
