NSNE 7200 - Module 2 Exam Questions and Answers Graded A+
Is perinatal asphyxia most commonly caused prenatal or postnatal? What are the causes of this?
- Answers 90% of asphyxia is prenatal as a result of impaired placenta gas exchange
- pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
- abruptio placenta
- cord compression
What is an infants response to antenatal asphyxia? - Answers - heart rate decelerations
- passage of meconium
Post natal asphyxia accounts for _______% of asphyxia. What are causes of this? - Answers 10%
- congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- sepsis
- meconium aspiration
- some congenital heart defects
What is the word for decreased p02?
What about for increased pCO2? - Answers Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
How to infants respond to asphyxia? - Answers alteration in blood flow
- shunts from other organs to heart and brain. longer this occurs = more damage to these other
organs (i.e. liver, lungs, kidneys); if uncorrected will damage brain and heart
increased heart rate
- attempts to increase cardiac output = increased o2
Metabolic acidosis
- attempts to use glucose for energy, runs out of supplies, creates lactic acid = acidosis
, Respiratory acidosis
- hypercapnia from trying to increase O2
causes hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis
If enough organ cells damaged = organ failure
In your own words, describe the process of asphyxia. - Answers Asphyxia is a process
characterized by inadequate gas exchange leading to progressive hypoxia, hypercapnia, and
acidosis which may occur in utero or shortly after an infant is born. Events such as pregnancy
induced hypertension (PIH), abruptio placenta, cord compression, apnea at birth, or meconium
aspiration can cause inadequate gas exchange. If the cause of the problem is not corrected, the
infant shunts blood away from the periphery, lungs, intestines, and kidneys to try to preserve
blood supply to the heart and the brain. If no intervention occurs to stop and reverse the
process of increasing hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis, organs become damaged (including
the heart and brain), the infant stops gasping/breathing, the heart stops beating, and the infant
dies.
List negative consequences to the following organ systems that could result from asphyxia.
- Pulmonary
- Cardiovascular
- Renal
- Gastrointestinal
- Central Nervous System - Answers - Pulmonary
respiratory distress, meconium aspiration, persistent pulmonary hypertension, atelectasis, and
pneumonia
- Cardiovascular
congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
- Renal
decreased urine output, hyperkalemia, and renal failure
Is perinatal asphyxia most commonly caused prenatal or postnatal? What are the causes of this?
- Answers 90% of asphyxia is prenatal as a result of impaired placenta gas exchange
- pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
- abruptio placenta
- cord compression
What is an infants response to antenatal asphyxia? - Answers - heart rate decelerations
- passage of meconium
Post natal asphyxia accounts for _______% of asphyxia. What are causes of this? - Answers 10%
- congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- sepsis
- meconium aspiration
- some congenital heart defects
What is the word for decreased p02?
What about for increased pCO2? - Answers Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
How to infants respond to asphyxia? - Answers alteration in blood flow
- shunts from other organs to heart and brain. longer this occurs = more damage to these other
organs (i.e. liver, lungs, kidneys); if uncorrected will damage brain and heart
increased heart rate
- attempts to increase cardiac output = increased o2
Metabolic acidosis
- attempts to use glucose for energy, runs out of supplies, creates lactic acid = acidosis
, Respiratory acidosis
- hypercapnia from trying to increase O2
causes hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis
If enough organ cells damaged = organ failure
In your own words, describe the process of asphyxia. - Answers Asphyxia is a process
characterized by inadequate gas exchange leading to progressive hypoxia, hypercapnia, and
acidosis which may occur in utero or shortly after an infant is born. Events such as pregnancy
induced hypertension (PIH), abruptio placenta, cord compression, apnea at birth, or meconium
aspiration can cause inadequate gas exchange. If the cause of the problem is not corrected, the
infant shunts blood away from the periphery, lungs, intestines, and kidneys to try to preserve
blood supply to the heart and the brain. If no intervention occurs to stop and reverse the
process of increasing hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis, organs become damaged (including
the heart and brain), the infant stops gasping/breathing, the heart stops beating, and the infant
dies.
List negative consequences to the following organ systems that could result from asphyxia.
- Pulmonary
- Cardiovascular
- Renal
- Gastrointestinal
- Central Nervous System - Answers - Pulmonary
respiratory distress, meconium aspiration, persistent pulmonary hypertension, atelectasis, and
pneumonia
- Cardiovascular
congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC)
- Renal
decreased urine output, hyperkalemia, and renal failure
