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ACVREP O&M Exam Study Questions and
Correct Answers
Affordance Ans: To gauge the difficulty of an environment by its
features— is a hill too steep, gravel too rough to cross the area
Environmental flow Ans: Perception while moving through an area
sensory substitution Ans: A process by which information from a
damaged sensory channel is replaced by information entering via
other sensory channels.
perceptual learning Ans: learning to recognize a particular
stimulus.
Unskilled perceptual learning Ans: Must concentrate to focus,
notice both relevant and irrelevant, near features only
Skilled perceptual learning Ans: Becomes more automatic, can
multitask, focus on relevant features, able to focus on distant
features
motor learning Ans: Acquisition of patterns of motor control,
through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent
change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.
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Perceptual-motor coordination Ans: Coordinating motor actions
with perceptions of thing in the environment —ascending stairs
procedural knowledge Ans: Knowledge of how to do something,
such as riding a bike, finding a curb
Episodic knowledge Ans: memory for places or events, episodes
of experience
Conceptual/Semantic Knowledge Ans: Knowledge of patterns.
Provides the ability to deal with new situations without starting
from scratch—street-curb-grass-sidewalk-grass relationships,
house/office numbering patterns, etc
Inter-sensory integration Ans: Dominance model, equal-weighting
model, probabilistic model
Perceptual Errors Ans: Localization error & detection error
Localization errors Ans: Inability to locate something relative to
oneself
Main Processes for crossing a street Ans: Alignment, initiating
crossing, maintaining a straight heading
path integration Ans: Using information about self-movement &
things encountered on the way to keep to your route
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Real & imagined spatial frameworks Ans: Mental mapping
Allocentric frame of reference Ans: Relating the location of
objects/places to one another
topocentric information Ans: Information about the locations of
landmarks/features
Polarcentric information Ans: Using cardinal directions
Cartographic information Ans: Locations of places/features as
they relate to a pattern such as a grid, numbering, labelling, etc
landmark Ans: A feature in the environment that is permanent —
can be a sound, smell, tactile or visual
Primary Landmark Ans: Always present in the environment and
would be difficult to miss as one travels along a path.
secondary landmark Ans: This landmark is always present, but
could be missed
Information points/cues Ans: A feature that is not unique, but
could be used in combination with other cues/landmarks to
confirm position
1940s Ans: Formal instruction in long cane began
© 2025 All rights reserved
ACVREP O&M Exam Study Questions and
Correct Answers
Affordance Ans: To gauge the difficulty of an environment by its
features— is a hill too steep, gravel too rough to cross the area
Environmental flow Ans: Perception while moving through an area
sensory substitution Ans: A process by which information from a
damaged sensory channel is replaced by information entering via
other sensory channels.
perceptual learning Ans: learning to recognize a particular
stimulus.
Unskilled perceptual learning Ans: Must concentrate to focus,
notice both relevant and irrelevant, near features only
Skilled perceptual learning Ans: Becomes more automatic, can
multitask, focus on relevant features, able to focus on distant
features
motor learning Ans: Acquisition of patterns of motor control,
through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent
change in the capacity to produce skilled movements.
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 2 | Page
Perceptual-motor coordination Ans: Coordinating motor actions
with perceptions of thing in the environment —ascending stairs
procedural knowledge Ans: Knowledge of how to do something,
such as riding a bike, finding a curb
Episodic knowledge Ans: memory for places or events, episodes
of experience
Conceptual/Semantic Knowledge Ans: Knowledge of patterns.
Provides the ability to deal with new situations without starting
from scratch—street-curb-grass-sidewalk-grass relationships,
house/office numbering patterns, etc
Inter-sensory integration Ans: Dominance model, equal-weighting
model, probabilistic model
Perceptual Errors Ans: Localization error & detection error
Localization errors Ans: Inability to locate something relative to
oneself
Main Processes for crossing a street Ans: Alignment, initiating
crossing, maintaining a straight heading
path integration Ans: Using information about self-movement &
things encountered on the way to keep to your route
© 2025 All rights reserved
, 3 | Page
Real & imagined spatial frameworks Ans: Mental mapping
Allocentric frame of reference Ans: Relating the location of
objects/places to one another
topocentric information Ans: Information about the locations of
landmarks/features
Polarcentric information Ans: Using cardinal directions
Cartographic information Ans: Locations of places/features as
they relate to a pattern such as a grid, numbering, labelling, etc
landmark Ans: A feature in the environment that is permanent —
can be a sound, smell, tactile or visual
Primary Landmark Ans: Always present in the environment and
would be difficult to miss as one travels along a path.
secondary landmark Ans: This landmark is always present, but
could be missed
Information points/cues Ans: A feature that is not unique, but
could be used in combination with other cues/landmarks to
confirm position
1940s Ans: Formal instruction in long cane began
© 2025 All rights reserved
