CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Health Maintenance & Disease Prevention — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
,Question Stem
A 58-year-old man with hypertension and a 30-pack-year
smoking history asks which preventive measure will most
reduce his risk of cardiovascular events. Which
recommendation is the best priority to discuss first?
A. Begin high-intensity statin therapy regardless of baseline LDL.
B. Offer smoking cessation counseling with pharmacotherapy.
C. Recommend daily low-dose aspirin for primary prevention.
D. Begin routine coronary artery calcium screening.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Smoking cessation produces large, rapid
reductions in cardiovascular risk and is a cornerstone of
primary prevention; counseling plus pharmacotherapy
increases quit rates. (CMDT emphasizes behavioral risk
reduction as foundational.)
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
• A (incorrect): Statins are indicated based on overall ASCVD
risk and LDL; starting statin may be appropriate but
smoking cessation addresses an immediate, modifiable risk
factor that should be prioritized.
• C (incorrect): Routine low-dose aspirin for primary
prevention is not universally recommended due to
, bleeding risk; benefits must be weighed and are often not
favored in older adults with controlled risk factors.
• D (incorrect): Coronary artery calcium screening may
refine risk in selected patients but is not first-line
compared with proven interventions like smoking
cessation.
Teaching Point
Smoking cessation provides one of the greatest immediate
reductions in cardiovascular risk.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Health Maintenance & Disease Prevention — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Question Stem
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney
disease asks about pneumococcal vaccination. Using CMDT’s
prevention principles, which approach is most appropriate?
A. No pneumococcal vaccination is needed after age 65 if
previously vaccinated.
, B. Administer pneumococcal vaccination according to age- and
risk-based schedule.
C. Only give pneumococcal vaccine if the patient develops
respiratory infection.
D. Defer vaccination because DM and CKD contraindicate
vaccination.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): CMDT recommends following age- and risk-
based pneumococcal vaccination schedules; older adults
and persons with diabetes/CKD are higher-risk and should
receive indicated vaccines.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
• A (incorrect): Prior vaccination does not universally
eliminate future vaccine indications; revaccination or
different formulations may be recommended by risk.
• C (incorrect): Vaccines are preventive — giving only after
infection defeats primary prevention.
• D (incorrect): Diabetes and CKD are not contraindications;
they increase the indication for pneumococcal vaccination.
Teaching Point
Follow age- and risk-based vaccination schedules for older
adults and high-risk chronic disease.
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Ch. 1 — Health Maintenance & Disease Prevention — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
,Question Stem
A 58-year-old man with hypertension and a 30-pack-year
smoking history asks which preventive measure will most
reduce his risk of cardiovascular events. Which
recommendation is the best priority to discuss first?
A. Begin high-intensity statin therapy regardless of baseline LDL.
B. Offer smoking cessation counseling with pharmacotherapy.
C. Recommend daily low-dose aspirin for primary prevention.
D. Begin routine coronary artery calcium screening.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): Smoking cessation produces large, rapid
reductions in cardiovascular risk and is a cornerstone of
primary prevention; counseling plus pharmacotherapy
increases quit rates. (CMDT emphasizes behavioral risk
reduction as foundational.)
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
• A (incorrect): Statins are indicated based on overall ASCVD
risk and LDL; starting statin may be appropriate but
smoking cessation addresses an immediate, modifiable risk
factor that should be prioritized.
• C (incorrect): Routine low-dose aspirin for primary
prevention is not universally recommended due to
, bleeding risk; benefits must be weighed and are often not
favored in older adults with controlled risk factors.
• D (incorrect): Coronary artery calcium screening may
refine risk in selected patients but is not first-line
compared with proven interventions like smoking
cessation.
Teaching Point
Smoking cessation provides one of the greatest immediate
reductions in cardiovascular risk.
Citation (Simplified APA)
Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical Diagnosis &
Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
2
Reference
Ch. 1 — Health Maintenance & Disease Prevention — Health
Maintenance & Disease Prevention.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Question Stem
A 72-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney
disease asks about pneumococcal vaccination. Using CMDT’s
prevention principles, which approach is most appropriate?
A. No pneumococcal vaccination is needed after age 65 if
previously vaccinated.
, B. Administer pneumococcal vaccination according to age- and
risk-based schedule.
C. Only give pneumococcal vaccine if the patient develops
respiratory infection.
D. Defer vaccination because DM and CKD contraindicate
vaccination.
Correct Answer
B
Rationales
• Correct (B): CMDT recommends following age- and risk-
based pneumococcal vaccination schedules; older adults
and persons with diabetes/CKD are higher-risk and should
receive indicated vaccines.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
• A (incorrect): Prior vaccination does not universally
eliminate future vaccine indications; revaccination or
different formulations may be recommended by risk.
• C (incorrect): Vaccines are preventive — giving only after
infection defeats primary prevention.
• D (incorrect): Diabetes and CKD are not contraindications;
they increase the indication for pneumococcal vaccination.
Teaching Point
Follow age- and risk-based vaccination schedules for older
adults and high-risk chronic disease.
