NR507 MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
How does blood flow through the heart? - Accurate answers Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup.
Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected
through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L.
Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? - Accurate answers Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole - Accurate answers Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? - Accurate answers closing of the heart valves
What produces S1? - Accurate answers The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? - Accurate answers The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in
diastole
What is cardiac output? - Accurate answers the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per
minute
What is stroke volume? - Accurate answers amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with
contraction
What determines cardiac output? - Accurate answers stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload? - Accurate answers the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related
to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? - Accurate answers resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? - Accurate answers Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a
given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? - Accurate answers
Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility? - Accurate answers Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? - Accurate answers HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to the
aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? - Accurate answers HTN
, Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? - Accurate answers Decreased volume of
blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? - Accurate answers Increases stroke volume,
over time the body will be unable to compensate however
What can cause a decreased preload? - Accurate answers Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything that
causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? - Accurate answers Right (AKA Right sided HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? - Accurate answers is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with
eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease. Causes dilation
(stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and hypertrophy of cardiac cells
What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? - Accurate answers COPD, PE, Pulmonary fibrosis,
sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
What are causes of heart failure? - Accurate answers CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart
valves
Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? - Accurate answers HTN causes increased LV
preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
- Accurate answers
- Accurate answers
- Accurate answers
What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? - Accurate answers nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
What is ventilation? - Accurate answers The action of inhaling and exhaling
What is perfusion? - Accurate answers the ability of the lungs to perform gas exchange at the
alveolar-capillary level moving blood into and out of the capillary cells
What causes intrinsic asthma? - Accurate answers Something internal, non-allergic factors (anxiety,
chemicals, airborne irritants, exercise, GERD, obesity
What causes extrinsic asthma? - Accurate answers Triggered by chronic allergic reaction (mold,
pollen, dust mites, pet dander)
What are signs and symptoms of asthma? - Accurate answers wheezing, shortness of breath, chest
tightness, and coughing
ACCURATE ANSWERS
How does blood flow through the heart? - Accurate answers Deoxygenated venous blood → Sup.
Vena Cava → Right Atrium →Tricuspid (AV) →Empties into R. Ventricle (& it contracts) → Blood ejected
through Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs to be Oxygenated → Pulmonary Veins → L.
Atrium → Mitral (AV) → L. Ventricle (pumps with each contraction) → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
What is systole? - Accurate answers Contraction of the heart which pumps blood
Diastole - Accurate answers Relaxation of the heart
What produces S1 and S2 sound? - Accurate answers closing of the heart valves
What produces S1? - Accurate answers The mitral and tricuspid valves which close in systole
What produces S2 sound? - Accurate answers The closing of the aortic and pulmonic valves in
diastole
What is cardiac output? - Accurate answers the volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per
minute
What is stroke volume? - Accurate answers amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle with
contraction
What determines cardiac output? - Accurate answers stroke volume and heart rate
What is preload? - Accurate answers the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts, related
to ventricular filling, end diastolic pressure, amount of blood entering the ventricle during diastole
What is afterload? - Accurate answers resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood
What is contractility? - Accurate answers Normal ability of muscle to contract at a given force for a
given stretch. It is independent of preload/afterload
Will sustained tachycardia result in increased or decreased stroke volume? - Accurate answers
Decreased
What conditions can result in decreased contractility? - Accurate answers Ischemia, acidosis,
cardiomyopathy
What can cause increase afterload? - Accurate answers HTN, pulmonary disease, damage to the
aortic valve
What has the most immediate effect on afterload? - Accurate answers HTN
, Why would hemorrhaging cause decreased afterload? - Accurate answers Decreased volume of
blood creates less resistance
What does increased preload do to stroke volume? - Accurate answers Increases stroke volume,
over time the body will be unable to compensate however
What can cause a decreased preload? - Accurate answers Hemorrhage, dehydration...anything that
causes reduced blood volume
What side of the heart is affected by cor-pulmonale? - Accurate answers Right (AKA Right sided HF)
What is cor-pulmonale? - Accurate answers is defined as right ventricular hypertrophy with
eventual RV failure resulting from pulmonary HTN, secondary to pulmonary disease. Causes dilation
(stretching) of the right ventricle causes a back up of blood flow, and hypertrophy of cardiac cells
What conditions could cause cor pulmonale? - Accurate answers COPD, PE, Pulmonary fibrosis,
sleep apnea, myasthenia gravis, polio
What are causes of heart failure? - Accurate answers CAD, HTN, Cardiomyopathy, faulty heart
valves
Explain how systemic HTN can lead to heart failure? - Accurate answers HTN causes increased LV
preload which increases LA preload causing pulmonary edema
- Accurate answers
- Accurate answers
- Accurate answers
What makes up the pulmonary anatomy? - Accurate answers nose->pharynx->larynx->trachea-
>bronchi->bronchioles-->alveoli
What is ventilation? - Accurate answers The action of inhaling and exhaling
What is perfusion? - Accurate answers the ability of the lungs to perform gas exchange at the
alveolar-capillary level moving blood into and out of the capillary cells
What causes intrinsic asthma? - Accurate answers Something internal, non-allergic factors (anxiety,
chemicals, airborne irritants, exercise, GERD, obesity
What causes extrinsic asthma? - Accurate answers Triggered by chronic allergic reaction (mold,
pollen, dust mites, pet dander)
What are signs and symptoms of asthma? - Accurate answers wheezing, shortness of breath, chest
tightness, and coughing
