BSC 2085 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Full-
Term Exam 2025 – 100 Practice Questions,
Answers & Detailed Rationales
BSC 2085 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Exam with this 2025 full-term practice test.
Includes 100 comprehensive questions, answers, and expert rationales covering body
organization, cells, tissues, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, and homeostatic systems.
Perfect for pre-nursing, allied health, and A&P students preparing for finals and HESI-style
assessments.
1. Which structural level of organization is composed of groups of similar cells performing a
common function?
A. Chemical level
B. Cellular level
C. Tissue level
D. Organ level
Answer: C
Rationale: The tissue level consists of similar cells and surrounding materials working together
to perform specific functions.
,Instructor’s Note: There are four primary tissue types—epithelial, connective, muscle, and
nervous.
2. Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Thoracic cavity
D. Pelvic cavity
Answer: C
Rationale: The thoracic cavity, protected by the rib cage, contains both the pleural cavities
(lungs) and the pericardial cavity (heart).
Instructor’s Note: The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
3. The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes is
called:
A. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis
C. Catabolism
D. Reproduction
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis ensures stability through feedback mechanisms that maintain body
temperature, pH, and fluid balance.
Instructor’s Note: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism maintaining homeostasis (e.g.,
temperature regulation).
4. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
,Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell, generating ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation.
Instructor’s Note: Mitochondria contain their own DNA—evidence of their evolutionary origin.
5. The process by which white blood cells engulf bacteria is known as:
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Phagocytosis
D. Filtration
Answer: C
Rationale: Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solid particles for
digestion or defense.
Instructor’s Note: Macrophages and neutrophils are the primary phagocytic cells.
6. Which of the following best describes anatomical position?
A. Body erect, palms facing backward
B. Body prone, feet together
C. Body erect, palms facing forward, eyes straight ahead
D. Arms folded, standing upright
Answer: C
Rationale: Anatomical position is the standard reference for directional terms—body erect,
arms at sides, palms forward.
Instructor’s Note: This position ensures consistency in anatomical terminology.
7. Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
A. Coronal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Midsagittal plane
, D. Oblique plane
Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into symmetrical right and left
halves.
Instructor’s Note: The parasagittal plane divides into unequal sides.
8. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
B. Phospholipids and proteins
C. Collagen and actin
D. Triglycerides
Answer: B
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins controls the entry and exit of
substances.
Instructor’s Note: Hydrophilic heads face outward; hydrophobic tails face inward.
9. A feedback system that strengthens or enhances a stimulus is known as:
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Dynamic equilibrium
D. Opposing regulation
Answer: B
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies responses (e.g., labor contractions, blood clotting).
Instructor’s Note: Most body systems rely on negative feedback for stability.
10. Which of the following organ systems provides protection, regulates body temperature,
and prevents water loss?
A. Integumentary system
B. Nervous system
Term Exam 2025 – 100 Practice Questions,
Answers & Detailed Rationales
BSC 2085 Human Anatomy & Physiology I Exam with this 2025 full-term practice test.
Includes 100 comprehensive questions, answers, and expert rationales covering body
organization, cells, tissues, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, and homeostatic systems.
Perfect for pre-nursing, allied health, and A&P students preparing for finals and HESI-style
assessments.
1. Which structural level of organization is composed of groups of similar cells performing a
common function?
A. Chemical level
B. Cellular level
C. Tissue level
D. Organ level
Answer: C
Rationale: The tissue level consists of similar cells and surrounding materials working together
to perform specific functions.
,Instructor’s Note: There are four primary tissue types—epithelial, connective, muscle, and
nervous.
2. Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?
A. Abdominal cavity
B. Cranial cavity
C. Thoracic cavity
D. Pelvic cavity
Answer: C
Rationale: The thoracic cavity, protected by the rib cage, contains both the pleural cavities
(lungs) and the pericardial cavity (heart).
Instructor’s Note: The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
3. The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes is
called:
A. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis
C. Catabolism
D. Reproduction
Answer: B
Rationale: Homeostasis ensures stability through feedback mechanisms that maintain body
temperature, pH, and fluid balance.
Instructor’s Note: Negative feedback is the primary mechanism maintaining homeostasis (e.g.,
temperature regulation).
4. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondrion
C. Lysosome
D. Golgi apparatus
,Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are the “powerhouses” of the cell, generating ATP via oxidative
phosphorylation.
Instructor’s Note: Mitochondria contain their own DNA—evidence of their evolutionary origin.
5. The process by which white blood cells engulf bacteria is known as:
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Phagocytosis
D. Filtration
Answer: C
Rationale: Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solid particles for
digestion or defense.
Instructor’s Note: Macrophages and neutrophils are the primary phagocytic cells.
6. Which of the following best describes anatomical position?
A. Body erect, palms facing backward
B. Body prone, feet together
C. Body erect, palms facing forward, eyes straight ahead
D. Arms folded, standing upright
Answer: C
Rationale: Anatomical position is the standard reference for directional terms—body erect,
arms at sides, palms forward.
Instructor’s Note: This position ensures consistency in anatomical terminology.
7. Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves?
A. Coronal plane
B. Transverse plane
C. Midsagittal plane
, D. Oblique plane
Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into symmetrical right and left
halves.
Instructor’s Note: The parasagittal plane divides into unequal sides.
8. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of:
A. Carbohydrates and nucleic acids
B. Phospholipids and proteins
C. Collagen and actin
D. Triglycerides
Answer: B
Rationale: The phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins controls the entry and exit of
substances.
Instructor’s Note: Hydrophilic heads face outward; hydrophobic tails face inward.
9. A feedback system that strengthens or enhances a stimulus is known as:
A. Negative feedback
B. Positive feedback
C. Dynamic equilibrium
D. Opposing regulation
Answer: B
Rationale: Positive feedback amplifies responses (e.g., labor contractions, blood clotting).
Instructor’s Note: Most body systems rely on negative feedback for stability.
10. Which of the following organ systems provides protection, regulates body temperature,
and prevents water loss?
A. Integumentary system
B. Nervous system
