NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide
1. Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to
regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells
(hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
2. Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet
and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the
upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities: c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less
commonly, the toes
3. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may
result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure: a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into the
pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure
when the increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is
severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular
emptying increases.
4. What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vesse
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
,b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation: d. Murmur heard on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces. The flow becomes
turbulent with
,whorls or eddy currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs
during blood pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
5. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus: d. Ventricular septal defec
and
patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction of
trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
6. An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding
pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with
which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect: c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristically have a continuous
machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the
PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpati
and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other congenital heart
defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
7. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children
diag- nosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
, c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating: c. Squatting
1. Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism that enables certain organs to
regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells
(hepatocytes) to compensate for the loss.
2. Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet
and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the
upper extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper
and lower extremities: c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the
fingers, and less
commonly, the toes
3. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated
pulmonary vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may
result from this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure: a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide adequate blood flow into the
pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure
when the increase in left ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is
severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to right ventricular
emptying increases.
4. What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vesse
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
,b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation: d. Murmur heard on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces. The flow becomes
turbulent with
,whorls or eddy currents that produce noise causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs
during blood pressure measurement with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only option that
accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow. pg 1113
5. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus: d. Ventricular septal defec
and
patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and down
syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects are not associated with dysfunction of
trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg 1200
6. An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a bounding
pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are consistent with
which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect: c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristically have a continuous
machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole. If the
PDA is significant then the infant also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpati
and signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other congenital heart
defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms pages 1203-1204
7. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children
diag- nosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
, c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating: c. Squatting
