TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
where does ETC occur - ANSWERS-inner mitochondrial membrane
two components of the proton gradient generated by ETC - ANSWERS-
- concentration difference between the matrix and intermembrane space
- voltage difference resulting from the separation of charge across the
membrane
proton motive force - ANSWERS-the energy present in both
components of the proton electrochemical gradient
- total energy that is released when a proton moves down the gradient
- Maintained by the highly impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane
to protons
- used to generate ATP
chemiosmosis - ANSWERS-the coupling of H+ translocation to ATP
synthesis
ATP synthase - ANSWERS-enzyme that manufactures ATP in the
mitochondria
END OF
PAGE
1
, TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
What are the major activities during aerobic respiration in the
mitochondria - ANSWERS-- incorporation of the product of glycolysis
to the TCA cycle
- TCA
- ETC
- Synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase
Peroxisomes - ANSWERS-site of degradation of hydrogen peroxide
- oxidation of very long FAs
- Synthesis of plasmalogens
chloroplasts are located predominantly in - ANSWERS-mesophyll cells
of leaves
proplastids - ANSWERS-non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts
Chloroplast outer vs inner membrane - ANSWERS-outer: contains
several different porins and is permeable
Inner: relatively impermeable
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PAGE
2
, TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
thylakoid membrane - ANSWERS-The photosynthetic membrane within
a chloroplast that contains light gathering pigment molecules and
electron transport chains.
- internal membrane of chloroplasts
general photosynthesis equation - ANSWERS-light --> H2O breakdown
--> oxygen
mitochondrial respiration vs photosynthesis - ANSWERS-mito: releases
energy, oxygen is reduced to water
Photo: requires energy, oxidizes water to oxygen
light dependent reaction - ANSWERS-sunlight --> stored as chemical
energy in ATP and NADPH
light-independent reaction - ANSWERS-stored energy in ATP and
NADPH --> carb synthesis using CO2
chloroplasts vs mitochondria - ANSWERS-- Both carry out energy
conversions by proteon gradients
- Outer membrane = permeable, inner = less permeable
END OF
PAGE
3
, TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
- Inner mito membrane = oxidative phosphorylation, chloroplasts house
photosynthesis in thylakoid membranes
- stroma = matrix (contain enzymes, ribosomes, RNA, DNA)
- majority of the proteins of a chloroplast and mitochondrion are
encoded by nuclear DNA and are synthesized in the cytosol
Chlorophylls absorb most strongly in ___ regions of the absorption
spectrum - ANSWERS-violet, blue, and red
carotenoids are found in what absorption spectrum region - ANSWERS-
green
Major photosynthetic pigments - ANSWERS-beta carotene (500nm) and
chlorophyll b (600nm)
photosynthetic unit - ANSWERS-several hundred chlorophyll molecules
that act as a unit
reaction-center chlorophyll - ANSWERS-transfers electrons to an
electron center
- Part of photosynthetic unit
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PAGE
4
where does ETC occur - ANSWERS-inner mitochondrial membrane
two components of the proton gradient generated by ETC - ANSWERS-
- concentration difference between the matrix and intermembrane space
- voltage difference resulting from the separation of charge across the
membrane
proton motive force - ANSWERS-the energy present in both
components of the proton electrochemical gradient
- total energy that is released when a proton moves down the gradient
- Maintained by the highly impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane
to protons
- used to generate ATP
chemiosmosis - ANSWERS-the coupling of H+ translocation to ATP
synthesis
ATP synthase - ANSWERS-enzyme that manufactures ATP in the
mitochondria
END OF
PAGE
1
, TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
What are the major activities during aerobic respiration in the
mitochondria - ANSWERS-- incorporation of the product of glycolysis
to the TCA cycle
- TCA
- ETC
- Synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase
Peroxisomes - ANSWERS-site of degradation of hydrogen peroxide
- oxidation of very long FAs
- Synthesis of plasmalogens
chloroplasts are located predominantly in - ANSWERS-mesophyll cells
of leaves
proplastids - ANSWERS-non-pigmented precursors of chloroplasts
Chloroplast outer vs inner membrane - ANSWERS-outer: contains
several different porins and is permeable
Inner: relatively impermeable
END OF
PAGE
2
, TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
thylakoid membrane - ANSWERS-The photosynthetic membrane within
a chloroplast that contains light gathering pigment molecules and
electron transport chains.
- internal membrane of chloroplasts
general photosynthesis equation - ANSWERS-light --> H2O breakdown
--> oxygen
mitochondrial respiration vs photosynthesis - ANSWERS-mito: releases
energy, oxygen is reduced to water
Photo: requires energy, oxidizes water to oxygen
light dependent reaction - ANSWERS-sunlight --> stored as chemical
energy in ATP and NADPH
light-independent reaction - ANSWERS-stored energy in ATP and
NADPH --> carb synthesis using CO2
chloroplasts vs mitochondria - ANSWERS-- Both carry out energy
conversions by proteon gradients
- Outer membrane = permeable, inner = less permeable
END OF
PAGE
3
, TRU Biol 2131 EXAM LATEST
- Inner mito membrane = oxidative phosphorylation, chloroplasts house
photosynthesis in thylakoid membranes
- stroma = matrix (contain enzymes, ribosomes, RNA, DNA)
- majority of the proteins of a chloroplast and mitochondrion are
encoded by nuclear DNA and are synthesized in the cytosol
Chlorophylls absorb most strongly in ___ regions of the absorption
spectrum - ANSWERS-violet, blue, and red
carotenoids are found in what absorption spectrum region - ANSWERS-
green
Major photosynthetic pigments - ANSWERS-beta carotene (500nm) and
chlorophyll b (600nm)
photosynthetic unit - ANSWERS-several hundred chlorophyll molecules
that act as a unit
reaction-center chlorophyll - ANSWERS-transfers electrons to an
electron center
- Part of photosynthetic unit
END OF
PAGE
4
