Assessment 2 HLN710 Epidemiology
Analytical Report
Personalised template
Begin with this template and use it to submit your independent draft and final submission.
Structured report 3,500 words maximum, excluding the words of these questions and your list
of references. Expand the explanation boxes as required. This template contains
approximately 2,550 words.
Due dates:
Substantial individual mandatory draft: September 29, 2025, by 23:59 (Week 10). Parts 1 & 2
were completed independently, not as a pair.
Final submission: October 13, 2025, by 23:59.
You must use this template to complete the Assessment and submit it through Turnitin on the
HLN710 Canvas Page. The boxes are expandable. To earn a passing grade, you must cite the
work of Fraga Dominguez, S., Ozguler, B., Storey, J. E., & Rogers, M. (2022). Elder abuse
vulnerability and risk factors: Is financial abuse different from other subtypes?. Journal of
applied gerontology, 41(4), 928-939.
Use the Guide for interpreting the risk of bias and making determinations - Assessment
2
Joint draft submissions will not be accepted.
Pair number (as you choose on Blackboard)
Final submission option (individual or joint [_] Individual: A discussion with your
submission) partner is still required.
For joint submission, only one student needs to [__] Joint optional. Both students received
submit on behalf of the pair. the same grade.
Draft submission must be independent.
Name and student number Umar Khan Afridi
12597406
Your peer, their name
It is compulsory to exchange independent
drafts and discuss with another student.
The date your pre-exchanged independent draft
was submitted through Turnitin.
Dates of exchanging individual work and
discussion with your partner
Word count of the final submission (excluding 3500
the words for the form and references)
3,500-word limit for individual (aim for about
3,000 words)
4,000-word limit for joint submission
Marking stops when this limit is reached. There
is no +10%
1
,If the final is a joint submission, only one partner should submit on behalf of the pair. Each
student must still submit an individual draft by the due date.
You are assessing the study described in:
Pallejà-Millán, M., Rey-Reñones, C., Uriarte, M. L. B., Granado-Font, E., Basora, J.,
Flores-Mateo, G., & Duch, J. (2020). Evaluation of the Tobbstop mobile app for smoking
cessation: cluster randomized controlled clinical trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(6),
e15951.
Access through:
View PDF:
https://mhealth.jmir.org/2020/6/e15951
https://mhealth.jmir.org/2020/6/e15951/PDF
You may need to access library.qut.edu.au, signed in through your QUT student account.
Trial registration number:
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01734421
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01734421
Assess all information relevant to the participants in the primary publication:
There may be more than one publication that describes this study. You will need to search for
additional information about this study that is available and can help inform your answers.
The additional information can include publications describing the study design, participants'
experiences, conference papers, and other information on the researcher's project website.
Incorporate the information you have obtained from other sources into the responses and
identify the source. Please be aware that sometimes the information may conflict. Place your
answers inside the boxes that expand. Do not prepare a separate essay.
Risk of Bias Assessment for a quantitative study of an intervention
Tip: Write mostly in paragraphs. Begin each selection by defining the issue you are
examining. For example, describe Selection Bias. Then, explain why avoiding the specific
bias or addressing the problem is essential. Try to explain what the authors did in their
study (describe it). Interpret their actions within the definition of bias and the implications.
Explain what happens when the bias is present. Describe your Assessment of the
confidence/certainty in the results presented. Describe the impact of selection bias
avoidance. Be critical in your approach and utilise the principles taught in HLN710.
Finally, make supported conclusions. To support any statement or discussion, it is required
to provide in-text citations from relevant literature that you have personally read.
2
, Students commonly write a paragraph about selection bias. The Cochrane Handbook may
be helpful.
Expand the response boxes as required.
The Assessment asks you to evaluate six categories of bias:
1. Bias from selection and recruitment
2. Bias from randomisation and allocation processes
3. Bias from integrity and adherence
4. Bias from missing outcome data and attrition
5. Bias from measurement
6. Bias from analysis and reporting
To assess these types of bias accurately, it is necessary to refer to the algorithm diagram for
each corresponding risk of bias.
Part 1
A. About the study:
Show the structured PICO question and timeframe (T) for the outcomes of the study.
Population/people/ persons/ patients: This is the specific group of people who were
included in the study. The primary study population in this research is adult smokers aged
18 years and above in Spain. The primary study population is individuals who smoke more
than 10 times a day and use a compatible smartphone. These individuals also have a score
of 5 or more on the Richmond Test score, demonstrating a significant- moderate and high
motivation depending on the score.
Intervention: This is the exact program or treatment being offered in the research.
The intervention is Tobbstop mobile app, which was designed to engage participants in
games to attain the expected outcomes (Pallejà-Millán et al., 2020). The app was designed
to support smoke cessation through engagement for three to twelve months, playing
different taxonomized levels paired with various phases of smoke cessation, including:
start, euphoria, grief, normalization, and consolidation. The intervention was implemented
with the standard clinical care, which consisted of the guidelines of healthcare
professionals (Pallejà-Millán et al., 2020).
Comparison: This is the approach whose effectiveness is measured as compared to the
active intervention being studied.
The comparison process was implemented in the control group, in which they were
assigned only the recommendations of the healthcare professionals.
Outcome: these are the expected results or findings- what the researchers are looking for
in the long term. The primary outcome measured in the research is smoking cessation,
which was scheduled at 3 and 12 months (Pallejà-Millán et al., 2020). The secondary
outcomes measured are the app engagement, relapse, and physiological consequences,
including weight and blood pressure.
Timeframe: This is the expected timeline under which the results are measured—the
short-term outcomes, including the app-focused intervention outcomes, were measured in 3
3
Analytical Report
Personalised template
Begin with this template and use it to submit your independent draft and final submission.
Structured report 3,500 words maximum, excluding the words of these questions and your list
of references. Expand the explanation boxes as required. This template contains
approximately 2,550 words.
Due dates:
Substantial individual mandatory draft: September 29, 2025, by 23:59 (Week 10). Parts 1 & 2
were completed independently, not as a pair.
Final submission: October 13, 2025, by 23:59.
You must use this template to complete the Assessment and submit it through Turnitin on the
HLN710 Canvas Page. The boxes are expandable. To earn a passing grade, you must cite the
work of Fraga Dominguez, S., Ozguler, B., Storey, J. E., & Rogers, M. (2022). Elder abuse
vulnerability and risk factors: Is financial abuse different from other subtypes?. Journal of
applied gerontology, 41(4), 928-939.
Use the Guide for interpreting the risk of bias and making determinations - Assessment
2
Joint draft submissions will not be accepted.
Pair number (as you choose on Blackboard)
Final submission option (individual or joint [_] Individual: A discussion with your
submission) partner is still required.
For joint submission, only one student needs to [__] Joint optional. Both students received
submit on behalf of the pair. the same grade.
Draft submission must be independent.
Name and student number Umar Khan Afridi
12597406
Your peer, their name
It is compulsory to exchange independent
drafts and discuss with another student.
The date your pre-exchanged independent draft
was submitted through Turnitin.
Dates of exchanging individual work and
discussion with your partner
Word count of the final submission (excluding 3500
the words for the form and references)
3,500-word limit for individual (aim for about
3,000 words)
4,000-word limit for joint submission
Marking stops when this limit is reached. There
is no +10%
1
,If the final is a joint submission, only one partner should submit on behalf of the pair. Each
student must still submit an individual draft by the due date.
You are assessing the study described in:
Pallejà-Millán, M., Rey-Reñones, C., Uriarte, M. L. B., Granado-Font, E., Basora, J.,
Flores-Mateo, G., & Duch, J. (2020). Evaluation of the Tobbstop mobile app for smoking
cessation: cluster randomized controlled clinical trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(6),
e15951.
Access through:
View PDF:
https://mhealth.jmir.org/2020/6/e15951
https://mhealth.jmir.org/2020/6/e15951/PDF
You may need to access library.qut.edu.au, signed in through your QUT student account.
Trial registration number:
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01734421
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01734421
Assess all information relevant to the participants in the primary publication:
There may be more than one publication that describes this study. You will need to search for
additional information about this study that is available and can help inform your answers.
The additional information can include publications describing the study design, participants'
experiences, conference papers, and other information on the researcher's project website.
Incorporate the information you have obtained from other sources into the responses and
identify the source. Please be aware that sometimes the information may conflict. Place your
answers inside the boxes that expand. Do not prepare a separate essay.
Risk of Bias Assessment for a quantitative study of an intervention
Tip: Write mostly in paragraphs. Begin each selection by defining the issue you are
examining. For example, describe Selection Bias. Then, explain why avoiding the specific
bias or addressing the problem is essential. Try to explain what the authors did in their
study (describe it). Interpret their actions within the definition of bias and the implications.
Explain what happens when the bias is present. Describe your Assessment of the
confidence/certainty in the results presented. Describe the impact of selection bias
avoidance. Be critical in your approach and utilise the principles taught in HLN710.
Finally, make supported conclusions. To support any statement or discussion, it is required
to provide in-text citations from relevant literature that you have personally read.
2
, Students commonly write a paragraph about selection bias. The Cochrane Handbook may
be helpful.
Expand the response boxes as required.
The Assessment asks you to evaluate six categories of bias:
1. Bias from selection and recruitment
2. Bias from randomisation and allocation processes
3. Bias from integrity and adherence
4. Bias from missing outcome data and attrition
5. Bias from measurement
6. Bias from analysis and reporting
To assess these types of bias accurately, it is necessary to refer to the algorithm diagram for
each corresponding risk of bias.
Part 1
A. About the study:
Show the structured PICO question and timeframe (T) for the outcomes of the study.
Population/people/ persons/ patients: This is the specific group of people who were
included in the study. The primary study population in this research is adult smokers aged
18 years and above in Spain. The primary study population is individuals who smoke more
than 10 times a day and use a compatible smartphone. These individuals also have a score
of 5 or more on the Richmond Test score, demonstrating a significant- moderate and high
motivation depending on the score.
Intervention: This is the exact program or treatment being offered in the research.
The intervention is Tobbstop mobile app, which was designed to engage participants in
games to attain the expected outcomes (Pallejà-Millán et al., 2020). The app was designed
to support smoke cessation through engagement for three to twelve months, playing
different taxonomized levels paired with various phases of smoke cessation, including:
start, euphoria, grief, normalization, and consolidation. The intervention was implemented
with the standard clinical care, which consisted of the guidelines of healthcare
professionals (Pallejà-Millán et al., 2020).
Comparison: This is the approach whose effectiveness is measured as compared to the
active intervention being studied.
The comparison process was implemented in the control group, in which they were
assigned only the recommendations of the healthcare professionals.
Outcome: these are the expected results or findings- what the researchers are looking for
in the long term. The primary outcome measured in the research is smoking cessation,
which was scheduled at 3 and 12 months (Pallejà-Millán et al., 2020). The secondary
outcomes measured are the app engagement, relapse, and physiological consequences,
including weight and blood pressure.
Timeframe: This is the expected timeline under which the results are measured—the
short-term outcomes, including the app-focused intervention outcomes, were measured in 3
3
