Overview of Renal Diseases
The demographics of renal disease and its medico-economical
importance both from the public health and disease burden
perspectives
The current disease classification in terms of GFR and membrane
function
The specific and non-specific nature of symptoms and signs of chronic
uraemia
The syndromic, disease and pathological approaches to kidney
diseases
Functions of kidney
-> Excretes waste substances
-> Important for acid base balance
-> Vitamin D activation
-> Blood pressure control
-> Red blood cell production
-> Helps regulate water balance
-> Regulates minerals in the extracellular fluid
How do we measure kidney function?
When we say renal function, what we are generally talking about is GFR. To measure
this we can use blood tests: - Creatinine, - Formulae (e.g. MDRD)
We can measure urine output
We can measure elimination of radioisotopes
We break down chronic kidney disease (CKD) into stages, 1-5.
Presentations of kidney disease are by renal syndromes
-> Nephrotic syndrome
-> CKD
-> etc.
A single disease can manifest in several different syndromes and vice versa.
In acute kidney disease, serum creatinine will rise over days
In chronic disease, the serum creatinine will rise over years.
You can also have acute on chronic
Acute kidney injury
The demographics of renal disease and its medico-economical
importance both from the public health and disease burden
perspectives
The current disease classification in terms of GFR and membrane
function
The specific and non-specific nature of symptoms and signs of chronic
uraemia
The syndromic, disease and pathological approaches to kidney
diseases
Functions of kidney
-> Excretes waste substances
-> Important for acid base balance
-> Vitamin D activation
-> Blood pressure control
-> Red blood cell production
-> Helps regulate water balance
-> Regulates minerals in the extracellular fluid
How do we measure kidney function?
When we say renal function, what we are generally talking about is GFR. To measure
this we can use blood tests: - Creatinine, - Formulae (e.g. MDRD)
We can measure urine output
We can measure elimination of radioisotopes
We break down chronic kidney disease (CKD) into stages, 1-5.
Presentations of kidney disease are by renal syndromes
-> Nephrotic syndrome
-> CKD
-> etc.
A single disease can manifest in several different syndromes and vice versa.
In acute kidney disease, serum creatinine will rise over days
In chronic disease, the serum creatinine will rise over years.
You can also have acute on chronic
Acute kidney injury
