AQA GCSE Chemistry Paper 2 (8462/2F)
Foundation Mark Scheme | June 2019 Edition |
Latest 2025/2026 Revision Guide to Pass First
Time
How do you measure the rate of a reaction? - answer-By measuring the
quantity of a reactant used or the quantity of product formed over time
What is the equation for calculating the mean rate of a reaction by measuring
the amount of reactant used? - answer-Mean rate of reaction = quantity of
reactant used/time taken
What is the equation for calculating the mean rate of a reaction by measuring
the amount of product formed? - answer-Mean rate of reaction = quantity of
product formed/time taken
What happens when alcohols react with an oxidising agent? - answer-They are
oxidised to carboxylic acids
How are aqueous solutions of ethanol produced? - answer-By fermentation of
sugar solutions using yeast
What is the word equation for the fermentation of sugar solution using yeast?
- answer-Glucose à Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
,What are the conditions for fermentation of sugar solution to produce
ethanol? - answer-Anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen), 25-35°C
What is the functional group in carboxylic acids? - answer--COOH
What are the names of the first four members of the homologous series of
carboxylic acids? - answer-Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid,
butanoic acid
What happens when carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates? - answer-
React to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water
What happens when carboxylic acids are added to water? - answer-They
dissolve to form acidic solutions
What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohols? - answer-They form
esters
Why are carboxylic acids weak rather than strong acids? - answer-Carboxylic
acids only partially ionise so do not contain as many hydrogen ions as strong
acids (which fully ionise) so the pH is higher
What is the name of ester formed from ethanoic acid and ethanol? - answer-
Ethyl ethanoate
,What are esters used for? - answer-Solvents or because they have fruity smells
What is the word equation for the formation of esters? - answer-Carboxylic
acid + alcohol → ester + water
What units can you measure the rate of a reaction in? - answer-g/s or cm3/s or
mol/s
How do you calculate the rate of a reaction at a specific time from graph of the
quantity of reactant used or the quantity of product formed? - answer-By
measuring the gradient of a tangent drawn at that specific time on the graph
What are the five factors that can affect the rate of a reaction? - answer-
Concentration of reactants in solution, pressure of reacting gases, surface area
of solid reactants, temperature and the presence of a catalyst
What theory can we use to explain how various factors affect the rate of a
reaction? - answer-Collision theory
What is collision theory? - answer-Chemical reactions can occur only when
reacting particles collide with each other and with sufficient energy
, What is the activation energy of a reaction? - answer-The minimum amount of
energy that particles must have to react
According to collision theory why does increasing concentration of reactant in
solution increase the rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases the frequency
of collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
According to collision theory why does increasing the pressure of reacting
gases increase the rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases the frequency of
collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
According to collision theory why does increasing the surface area of solid
reactants in solution increase the rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases
the frequency of collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
According to collision theory why does increasing temperature increase the
rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases the frequency of collisions and
makes the collision more energetic and so increases the rate of reaction
How do you increase the surface area of a solid reactant? - answer-Grind it into
a powder that has smaller particle size
What effect does increasing the temperature of a reaction by 10°C have on the
rate of a reaction? - answer-It doubles it
What is a catalyst? - answer-A chemical that changes the rate of a chemical
reaction but is not used up in the reaction
Foundation Mark Scheme | June 2019 Edition |
Latest 2025/2026 Revision Guide to Pass First
Time
How do you measure the rate of a reaction? - answer-By measuring the
quantity of a reactant used or the quantity of product formed over time
What is the equation for calculating the mean rate of a reaction by measuring
the amount of reactant used? - answer-Mean rate of reaction = quantity of
reactant used/time taken
What is the equation for calculating the mean rate of a reaction by measuring
the amount of product formed? - answer-Mean rate of reaction = quantity of
product formed/time taken
What happens when alcohols react with an oxidising agent? - answer-They are
oxidised to carboxylic acids
How are aqueous solutions of ethanol produced? - answer-By fermentation of
sugar solutions using yeast
What is the word equation for the fermentation of sugar solution using yeast?
- answer-Glucose à Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
,What are the conditions for fermentation of sugar solution to produce
ethanol? - answer-Anaerobic conditions (absence of oxygen), 25-35°C
What is the functional group in carboxylic acids? - answer--COOH
What are the names of the first four members of the homologous series of
carboxylic acids? - answer-Methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid,
butanoic acid
What happens when carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates? - answer-
React to form a salt, carbon dioxide and water
What happens when carboxylic acids are added to water? - answer-They
dissolve to form acidic solutions
What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohols? - answer-They form
esters
Why are carboxylic acids weak rather than strong acids? - answer-Carboxylic
acids only partially ionise so do not contain as many hydrogen ions as strong
acids (which fully ionise) so the pH is higher
What is the name of ester formed from ethanoic acid and ethanol? - answer-
Ethyl ethanoate
,What are esters used for? - answer-Solvents or because they have fruity smells
What is the word equation for the formation of esters? - answer-Carboxylic
acid + alcohol → ester + water
What units can you measure the rate of a reaction in? - answer-g/s or cm3/s or
mol/s
How do you calculate the rate of a reaction at a specific time from graph of the
quantity of reactant used or the quantity of product formed? - answer-By
measuring the gradient of a tangent drawn at that specific time on the graph
What are the five factors that can affect the rate of a reaction? - answer-
Concentration of reactants in solution, pressure of reacting gases, surface area
of solid reactants, temperature and the presence of a catalyst
What theory can we use to explain how various factors affect the rate of a
reaction? - answer-Collision theory
What is collision theory? - answer-Chemical reactions can occur only when
reacting particles collide with each other and with sufficient energy
, What is the activation energy of a reaction? - answer-The minimum amount of
energy that particles must have to react
According to collision theory why does increasing concentration of reactant in
solution increase the rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases the frequency
of collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
According to collision theory why does increasing the pressure of reacting
gases increase the rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases the frequency of
collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
According to collision theory why does increasing the surface area of solid
reactants in solution increase the rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases
the frequency of collisions and so increases the rate of reaction
According to collision theory why does increasing temperature increase the
rate of the reaction? - answer-It increases the frequency of collisions and
makes the collision more energetic and so increases the rate of reaction
How do you increase the surface area of a solid reactant? - answer-Grind it into
a powder that has smaller particle size
What effect does increasing the temperature of a reaction by 10°C have on the
rate of a reaction? - answer-It doubles it
What is a catalyst? - answer-A chemical that changes the rate of a chemical
reaction but is not used up in the reaction
