BIOL 200 mcgill
RNA polymerase – answer Core enzyme + sigma factor = Holoenzyme
Sigma Factor – answer Finds promoter (motif rich in T/A)
Core Enzyme - answerTwo alpha and two beta proteins
Holoenzyme – answer Scans DNA to find promoter (help of Sigma factor) forms closed
complex.
Ribosome – answer RNA + Protein. Large subunit 50s, small is 30.
Together = 70s
Initiation Factors (3) - answerIF1/IF3 recruits 30s ribosome,
IF1/IF2 recruits 50s subunit, forming the 70s
Elongation Factors (Efs) – answer to make peptides bonds between aa, ribozyme 23s
rRNA makes reaction
Release factors (RFs) - answerRF1/RF2 mimics a tRNA.
RF3 allows for disassembly of 70s ribosome, release of polypeptide.
DNA Helicase - answerSeperates the DNA strands
Tropoisomerase - answerrelieves supercoils when unwinding the DNA
Primase - answerRNA polymerase, adds primer
Pol alpha - answerDNA polymerase extends the primer with dNTPs for 20 bp (approx)
pol E/Rfc/PCNA complex - answerFor leading strand
pol epsilon (pol e) - answerDNA polymerase which extends the leading strand with
dNTPs.
Rfc (Replication factor C) - answerloads/unloads complex on strand.
RPA (Replication protein A) - answerKeeps the DNA template in optimal conformation
for transcription. (Template could fold otherwise).
PCNA - answerKeeps the DNA polymerase onto the template during transcription. It is a
homotrimeric protein (3 identical subunits)
, pol d/Rfc/PCNA complex - answerExtends the lagging strand with dNTPs.
Replaces the pol alpha/primase complex
pol delta (pol d) - answerDNA polymerase which extends the lagging strand with
dNTPs.
Ribonuclease H and FEN-1 - answerRemoves the RNA from the primer, pol d replaces
with complementary base pairs.
DNA Ligase - answerSeals the backbone break.
Large T-antigen - answerHexamer (6 subunits).
type of helicase, encoded by the viral genome.
Allows for very fast replication.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - answerLinks amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.
EF hand/helix-loop-helix motif - answerProteins with this motif will bind to Ca2+
involving ionic bonds.
coiled-coil motif - answerfound in fibrous proteins
zinc-finger motif - answerRNA and DNA binding proteins
What is a Motif/Domain? - answerThe activity associated with a polypeptide.
Mutation - answerPermanent, transmissible changes to the genetic material of a cell.
Mutagens - answerChemical compounds that increase frequency of mutations. (Ex. UV
radiation, X-rays)
Carcinogens - answerAgent that cause cancer, most carcinogens are mutagens.
What are the 6 types of DNA repair? - answer1. Proofreading by DNA polymerase
2. Base Excision Repair (BER)
3. Mismatch Excision Repair
4. Nucleotide Excision Repair
5. Double-strand Break Repair by End-joining
6. Double-strand Break Repair by Homologous Recombination
Proofreading by DNA polymerase - answerDone by either pol d/pol e.
They have exonuclease activity for the 3' end. The DNA polymerase will stop, remove
and replace the nucleotide.
When does Base Excision Repair occur? - answerWhen deamination of cytosine
occurs, it forms uracil which would create an incorrect watson-crick base pair.
RNA polymerase – answer Core enzyme + sigma factor = Holoenzyme
Sigma Factor – answer Finds promoter (motif rich in T/A)
Core Enzyme - answerTwo alpha and two beta proteins
Holoenzyme – answer Scans DNA to find promoter (help of Sigma factor) forms closed
complex.
Ribosome – answer RNA + Protein. Large subunit 50s, small is 30.
Together = 70s
Initiation Factors (3) - answerIF1/IF3 recruits 30s ribosome,
IF1/IF2 recruits 50s subunit, forming the 70s
Elongation Factors (Efs) – answer to make peptides bonds between aa, ribozyme 23s
rRNA makes reaction
Release factors (RFs) - answerRF1/RF2 mimics a tRNA.
RF3 allows for disassembly of 70s ribosome, release of polypeptide.
DNA Helicase - answerSeperates the DNA strands
Tropoisomerase - answerrelieves supercoils when unwinding the DNA
Primase - answerRNA polymerase, adds primer
Pol alpha - answerDNA polymerase extends the primer with dNTPs for 20 bp (approx)
pol E/Rfc/PCNA complex - answerFor leading strand
pol epsilon (pol e) - answerDNA polymerase which extends the leading strand with
dNTPs.
Rfc (Replication factor C) - answerloads/unloads complex on strand.
RPA (Replication protein A) - answerKeeps the DNA template in optimal conformation
for transcription. (Template could fold otherwise).
PCNA - answerKeeps the DNA polymerase onto the template during transcription. It is a
homotrimeric protein (3 identical subunits)
, pol d/Rfc/PCNA complex - answerExtends the lagging strand with dNTPs.
Replaces the pol alpha/primase complex
pol delta (pol d) - answerDNA polymerase which extends the lagging strand with
dNTPs.
Ribonuclease H and FEN-1 - answerRemoves the RNA from the primer, pol d replaces
with complementary base pairs.
DNA Ligase - answerSeals the backbone break.
Large T-antigen - answerHexamer (6 subunits).
type of helicase, encoded by the viral genome.
Allows for very fast replication.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase - answerLinks amino acid to its corresponding tRNA.
EF hand/helix-loop-helix motif - answerProteins with this motif will bind to Ca2+
involving ionic bonds.
coiled-coil motif - answerfound in fibrous proteins
zinc-finger motif - answerRNA and DNA binding proteins
What is a Motif/Domain? - answerThe activity associated with a polypeptide.
Mutation - answerPermanent, transmissible changes to the genetic material of a cell.
Mutagens - answerChemical compounds that increase frequency of mutations. (Ex. UV
radiation, X-rays)
Carcinogens - answerAgent that cause cancer, most carcinogens are mutagens.
What are the 6 types of DNA repair? - answer1. Proofreading by DNA polymerase
2. Base Excision Repair (BER)
3. Mismatch Excision Repair
4. Nucleotide Excision Repair
5. Double-strand Break Repair by End-joining
6. Double-strand Break Repair by Homologous Recombination
Proofreading by DNA polymerase - answerDone by either pol d/pol e.
They have exonuclease activity for the 3' end. The DNA polymerase will stop, remove
and replace the nucleotide.
When does Base Excision Repair occur? - answerWhen deamination of cytosine
occurs, it forms uracil which would create an incorrect watson-crick base pair.
