Chamberlain College
NR-283 Pathophysiology
2025/2026
Verified Questions and Answers
A+ Grades Guarantee
, NR283 Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College 2025/2026 Exam Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv66i7
1. what occurs during os- Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of
mosis? higher solute concentration.
2. intracellular fluid fluid found inside the body's cells (2/3 of fluid in the body)
3. interstitial fluid type of extracellular fluid; fills the space between cells and tissues
4. intravascular fluid plasma; fluid within the blood vessels; type of extracellular fluid
5. extracellular fluid fluid that exists outside of the cell (1/3 of fluid in the body)
6. when does fluid move- when there are changes in hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
ment in the body oc-
cur?
7. hydrostatic pressure the pressure exerted to push fluid from one compartment to another.
example: when pressure in the blood vessels is higher, more fluid may
be pushed from the intravascular area to the extracellular spaces where
the pressure is lower.
8. osmotic pressure draws fluid from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concen-
tration.
9. osmolarity a value used to describe the concentration (number of particles) within
a fluid. Osmolarity determines osmotic pressure.
, NR283 Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College 2025/2026 Exam Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv66i7
10. how do hydrostatic they work opposite of each other to control the movement of fluid
pressure and osmotic between the blood and interstitial areas. Increased hydrostatic pressure
pressure work to con- causes fluid to move out of the vascular system, and increased osmotic
trol the movement of pressure draws fluid back into the blood.
fluid?
11. hyperosmolar state -sodium is high in extracellular fluid (ECV)
-dehydration occurs
-body conserves water and increases sodium excretion
-results in a lower urine volume and a higher urine concentration
-size of ECV increases to return serum osmolarity to normal
12. hypoosmolar state -sodium is low in extracellular fluid (ECV)
-fluid overload occurs
-body increases sodium conservation and increases water secretion
-results in a higher urine volume and a lower urine concentration
-size of ECV decreases to return serum osmolarity to normal
13. what other factors dri- electrolyte concentrations, blood pressure, proteins, and certain hor-
ve fluid movement? mones.
14. how do electrolytes as- They are used by the body to adjust fluid levels.
sist in fluid movement?
example: the renal system uses sodium to transfer fluid to the urinary
system, or to hold fluid in the vascular system when a fluid volume deficit
is sensed.
15. how does blood pres- regulated by receptors throughout the body that send signals to the
sure assist in fluid autonomic nervous system to constrict or dilate blood vessels depending
movement? on the fluid imbalance it may sense.
, NR283 Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College 2025/2026 Exam Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv66i7
16. how do proteins assist They maintain fluid balance by attracting additional water to increase flu-
in fluid movement? id balance. Low protein levels can cause movement of fluid into interstitial
areas, causing edema.
example: someone who has low protein can have water leak from the
vascular area into the surrounding tissue, causing edema.
17. how do hormones as- They are used to attract fluid or control the pressure of the vascular
sist in fluid movement? system.
example: renin, a hormone secreted by the kidney acts on the plasma
protein angiotensinogen to begin a process that leads to vasoconstric-
tion.
18. Antidiuretic hormone signals the kidneys to promote reabsorption of water.
(ADH)
19. Aldosterone signals the kidneys for reabsorption of sodium ions and water.
20. Atrial natriuretic pep- secreted by the heart to assist with fluid level maintenance.
tide (ANP) and
B-type natriuretic pep-
tide (BNP)
21. Which hormones will Antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide are trig-
the body use when gered for release by the hypothalamus with changes in osmotic or
there is too much flu- hydrostatic pressure.
id (fluid overload) or
too little fluid (dehydra-
tion)?
22. fluid imbalance: hypov- one of the most common causes, occurs from traumatic blood loss or de-
olemia hydration. While whole blood is lost due to hemorrhage, plasma is what
NR-283 Pathophysiology
2025/2026
Verified Questions and Answers
A+ Grades Guarantee
, NR283 Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College 2025/2026 Exam Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv66i7
1. what occurs during os- Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of
mosis? higher solute concentration.
2. intracellular fluid fluid found inside the body's cells (2/3 of fluid in the body)
3. interstitial fluid type of extracellular fluid; fills the space between cells and tissues
4. intravascular fluid plasma; fluid within the blood vessels; type of extracellular fluid
5. extracellular fluid fluid that exists outside of the cell (1/3 of fluid in the body)
6. when does fluid move- when there are changes in hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
ment in the body oc-
cur?
7. hydrostatic pressure the pressure exerted to push fluid from one compartment to another.
example: when pressure in the blood vessels is higher, more fluid may
be pushed from the intravascular area to the extracellular spaces where
the pressure is lower.
8. osmotic pressure draws fluid from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concen-
tration.
9. osmolarity a value used to describe the concentration (number of particles) within
a fluid. Osmolarity determines osmotic pressure.
, NR283 Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College 2025/2026 Exam Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv66i7
10. how do hydrostatic they work opposite of each other to control the movement of fluid
pressure and osmotic between the blood and interstitial areas. Increased hydrostatic pressure
pressure work to con- causes fluid to move out of the vascular system, and increased osmotic
trol the movement of pressure draws fluid back into the blood.
fluid?
11. hyperosmolar state -sodium is high in extracellular fluid (ECV)
-dehydration occurs
-body conserves water and increases sodium excretion
-results in a lower urine volume and a higher urine concentration
-size of ECV increases to return serum osmolarity to normal
12. hypoosmolar state -sodium is low in extracellular fluid (ECV)
-fluid overload occurs
-body increases sodium conservation and increases water secretion
-results in a higher urine volume and a lower urine concentration
-size of ECV decreases to return serum osmolarity to normal
13. what other factors dri- electrolyte concentrations, blood pressure, proteins, and certain hor-
ve fluid movement? mones.
14. how do electrolytes as- They are used by the body to adjust fluid levels.
sist in fluid movement?
example: the renal system uses sodium to transfer fluid to the urinary
system, or to hold fluid in the vascular system when a fluid volume deficit
is sensed.
15. how does blood pres- regulated by receptors throughout the body that send signals to the
sure assist in fluid autonomic nervous system to constrict or dilate blood vessels depending
movement? on the fluid imbalance it may sense.
, NR283 Pathophysiology
Chamberlain College 2025/2026 Exam Guide
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hv66i7
16. how do proteins assist They maintain fluid balance by attracting additional water to increase flu-
in fluid movement? id balance. Low protein levels can cause movement of fluid into interstitial
areas, causing edema.
example: someone who has low protein can have water leak from the
vascular area into the surrounding tissue, causing edema.
17. how do hormones as- They are used to attract fluid or control the pressure of the vascular
sist in fluid movement? system.
example: renin, a hormone secreted by the kidney acts on the plasma
protein angiotensinogen to begin a process that leads to vasoconstric-
tion.
18. Antidiuretic hormone signals the kidneys to promote reabsorption of water.
(ADH)
19. Aldosterone signals the kidneys for reabsorption of sodium ions and water.
20. Atrial natriuretic pep- secreted by the heart to assist with fluid level maintenance.
tide (ANP) and
B-type natriuretic pep-
tide (BNP)
21. Which hormones will Antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide are trig-
the body use when gered for release by the hypothalamus with changes in osmotic or
there is too much flu- hydrostatic pressure.
id (fluid overload) or
too little fluid (dehydra-
tion)?
22. fluid imbalance: hypov- one of the most common causes, occurs from traumatic blood loss or de-
olemia hydration. While whole blood is lost due to hemorrhage, plasma is what
