Structure & Function of the Body
16th Edition
• Author(s)Kevin T. Patton; Gary A. Thibodeau
TEST BANK
Reference: Ch. 1: Language of science and medicine — Medical
terminology and root/combining forms
Question Stem: A newly admitted patient reports right-sided
abdominal pain described as "epigastric radiating to the right
hypochondriac area." Which interpretation best reflects the
anatomical terminology used by the nurse?
A. Pain located above the stomach toward the patient's right
upper quadrant.
B. Pain located below the stomach near the patient's central
,pelvis.
C. Pain located at the left lower abdominal quadrant near the
sigmoid colon.
D. Pain located behind the stomach along the posterior midline.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): "Epigastric" denotes the region above the
stomach; "hypochondriac" refers to the upper lateral
abdomen—together indicating right upper quadrant pain.
This matches textbook regional terminology.
• B: Incorrect — "below the stomach" would be the
hypogastric or suprapubic region, not epigastric.
• C: Incorrect — left lower quadrant/sigmoid colon are
described by left iliac/inguinal terms, not epigastric or
hypochondriac.
• D: Incorrect — posterior midline pain would be described
as dorsal or vertebral, not epigastric/hypochondriac.
Teaching Point: Regional terms precisely localize
symptoms for assessment and documentation.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Language of
science and medicine
2
Reference: Ch. 1: Scientific method — Clinical application of
hypotheses and evidence
,Question Stem: A nurse notices a pattern of postoperative
wound infections on one unit. Which next step best follows the
scientific method to identify and reduce the infections?
A. Formulate a hypothesis about a common source, collect
infection data, and test an intervention.
B. Immediately change all dressing supplies without collecting
data.
C. Inform patients to shower more frequently and assume
infections will stop.
D. Close the unit until a physician orders an investigation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): The scientific method requires hypothesizing
(e.g., sterile technique lapse), collecting and analyzing
data, then testing targeted interventions—consistent with
evidence-based practice.
• B: Incorrect — changing supplies without data may be
wasteful and may not address the root cause.
• C: Incorrect — advising patients alone assumes cause and
lacks systematic investigation.
• D: Incorrect — closing the unit is disproportionate and not
the immediate scientific approach; collaboration and
investigation are indicated.
Teaching Point: Use hypothesis, data collection, and
testing to solve clinical problems systematically.
, Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Scientific
method
3
Reference: Ch. 1: Levels of organization — Cell to organism
integration
Question Stem: A patient has hypoxia due to decreased lung
diffusion. Which cellular-level consequence explains why
multiple organ systems become affected?
A. Reduced cellular ATP production leading to impaired organ
function.
B. Increased mitochondrial ATP production causing cell
proliferation.
C. Enhanced protein synthesis improving tissue repair
systemically.
D. Hyperpolarization of cell membranes increasing organ
perfusion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): Impaired gas exchange reduces oxygen
delivery to cells, limiting oxidative phosphorylation and
ATP production; low ATP disrupts cell and organ function—
illustrating levels of organization.
• B: Incorrect — hypoxia decreases, not increases,
mitochondrial ATP production.
16th Edition
• Author(s)Kevin T. Patton; Gary A. Thibodeau
TEST BANK
Reference: Ch. 1: Language of science and medicine — Medical
terminology and root/combining forms
Question Stem: A newly admitted patient reports right-sided
abdominal pain described as "epigastric radiating to the right
hypochondriac area." Which interpretation best reflects the
anatomical terminology used by the nurse?
A. Pain located above the stomach toward the patient's right
upper quadrant.
B. Pain located below the stomach near the patient's central
,pelvis.
C. Pain located at the left lower abdominal quadrant near the
sigmoid colon.
D. Pain located behind the stomach along the posterior midline.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): "Epigastric" denotes the region above the
stomach; "hypochondriac" refers to the upper lateral
abdomen—together indicating right upper quadrant pain.
This matches textbook regional terminology.
• B: Incorrect — "below the stomach" would be the
hypogastric or suprapubic region, not epigastric.
• C: Incorrect — left lower quadrant/sigmoid colon are
described by left iliac/inguinal terms, not epigastric or
hypochondriac.
• D: Incorrect — posterior midline pain would be described
as dorsal or vertebral, not epigastric/hypochondriac.
Teaching Point: Regional terms precisely localize
symptoms for assessment and documentation.
Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Language of
science and medicine
2
Reference: Ch. 1: Scientific method — Clinical application of
hypotheses and evidence
,Question Stem: A nurse notices a pattern of postoperative
wound infections on one unit. Which next step best follows the
scientific method to identify and reduce the infections?
A. Formulate a hypothesis about a common source, collect
infection data, and test an intervention.
B. Immediately change all dressing supplies without collecting
data.
C. Inform patients to shower more frequently and assume
infections will stop.
D. Close the unit until a physician orders an investigation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): The scientific method requires hypothesizing
(e.g., sterile technique lapse), collecting and analyzing
data, then testing targeted interventions—consistent with
evidence-based practice.
• B: Incorrect — changing supplies without data may be
wasteful and may not address the root cause.
• C: Incorrect — advising patients alone assumes cause and
lacks systematic investigation.
• D: Incorrect — closing the unit is disproportionate and not
the immediate scientific approach; collaboration and
investigation are indicated.
Teaching Point: Use hypothesis, data collection, and
testing to solve clinical problems systematically.
, Citation: Patton & Thibodeau, 2024, Ch. 1: Scientific
method
3
Reference: Ch. 1: Levels of organization — Cell to organism
integration
Question Stem: A patient has hypoxia due to decreased lung
diffusion. Which cellular-level consequence explains why
multiple organ systems become affected?
A. Reduced cellular ATP production leading to impaired organ
function.
B. Increased mitochondrial ATP production causing cell
proliferation.
C. Enhanced protein synthesis improving tissue repair
systemically.
D. Hyperpolarization of cell membranes increasing organ
perfusion.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• Correct (A): Impaired gas exchange reduces oxygen
delivery to cells, limiting oxidative phosphorylation and
ATP production; low ATP disrupts cell and organ function—
illustrating levels of organization.
• B: Incorrect — hypoxia decreases, not increases,
mitochondrial ATP production.
