LARE EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.
Outline the business relationships between the three principal parties that are involved in a
landscape construction project (Their obligations) - ANS 1. Owner/ client - initiate the project
; signs separate contracts for completion, & responsible for funding design & construction
2. Contractor - hired by owner to combine necessary ingredients of materials , labor,
equipment, and management to accomplish job
3. Landscape architect - deals w/ both. only contractual relationship is w/ owner - finical
feasibility, preliminary designs, preparation of documents, onsite observation
What is professionalism? What Relationship does it have with ethics? - ANS Professionalism
is someone who is ethical, has advance training, a high level of competence, mental services
rather than manual labor, qualifications & licensure, & same quality of service to all regardless
of fees.
Professional ethics - defined rules that govern business conduct and values used to achieve
goals
Describe the difference between direct cost and overhead cost in a contractor's cost accounting
system - ANS Direct cost - materials, labour, equipment
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Overhead coast - expenses not directly charged to field operations
Name 4 sources for appropriation of funds to finance public works projects. - ANS 1. annual
tax receipts - Tax revenues received by government from all sources
2. General Obligation bonds - is a type of municipal bond that is backed entirely by the issuers
creditworthiness and ability to levy taxes on its residents
3.Revenue Bonds - municipal bond supported by the revenue from a specific project, such as a
toll bridge, highway or local stadium.
4. Special Appropriation Tax - place on the public for a limited time and a specific project (i.e.
1% sales tax increase for 2 yrs. to build zoo )
5.User Fees - money collected from users of a particular facility.
6. Grants, matching funds, gifts or a bestowal
List the 4 sources of law in the US and Outline how each functions - ANS 1. Federal & State
Constitutions - establishes fundamental rights, sets up a legislator for making laws
2. Court Decisions - interpret constitution, legislative law, and the principles of common law
3.Federal, State, & local statues-
4. Executive Order - issued by president
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Addendum - ANS A written document issuing changes to the plans and/or specifications
after they are put out for bid but before the contract is signed. Addendum acknowledgment
must be indicated on the bid form
Administrative Agency - ANS A regulatory agency established by statute. A department of
government formed to administer a particular area. An example of a federal administrative
agency would be the environmental protection agency who endeavors to control pollution by
research, monitoring, standard setting and enforcement activities. Similar agencies also exist at
the stat level
Agent of the owner - ANS A person authorized by the owner to act as the owner's
representative to bring about performance of contractual obligations.
Arbitration - ANS A procedure whereby contracting parties may submit a dispute to an
impartial board for a decision. An alternative to a suit in a court of law. this method makes it
possible to avoid many of the legal formalities, delays, and expenses which result from litigation
Article - ANS major subject with a part of a specification section consisting of one or more
related paragraphs and subparagraphs.
Bid - ANS An offer to perform a contract. Generally includes both labor and supplying
materials for a specified price. may be referred to as a proposal
Bid documents - ANS the advertisement, instructions to the bidder and dib form
bid form - ANS the contractor fills out this form to submit the bid. a written instrument so
that all bids will be prepared in a similar manner. A uniform format allows accurate comparison
of bids. in the past, proposal or bid proposal has been used extensively.
capital - ANS Designate goods and assets used by private works for the productive of profits.
It's the owner's equity in a business or the total assets of a business.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, change order - ANS A written document issuing changes to the plans and /or specifications
after the construction contract is awarded. It is prepared by a landscape architect and signed by
the owner and contractor.
civil law - ANS Governs citizens, in their relations with each other. The injured party must
bring suit against another party for damages. In civil action the injured party, called the plaintiff,
brings suit to recover compensation for the violation of duty cause by the wrongful conduct of
the other, referred to as the defendant. The principle form of relief is money.
client - ANS Initiates the project, signs separate contracts with the landscape architect and
contractor for its completion. Responsible for funding both the design and the construction
operations. The owner may be an individual or an organization in the private or public sector.
common law - ANS Law derived from traditional usage and customs as representing what is
right and wrong in human relationships. Its principles have been established by gradual
adoption and verified by decisions in the courts of justice, without legislative action. Common
law is recognized by all courts, but differs in many details from state to state.
competitive bid contract - ANS A type of contract that is straight-forward and business like
whereby the owner takes his chances in an open market situation; paying a fixed price for a
definite service.
Abnormally Dangerous Activity Rule - ANS Certain activities present an unusually high risk of
danger in a particular locale eg, use of explosives in a highly populated area. In such case, the
party engaging in the activity may e strictly liable for damages cause by the activites. In other
words, that person is liable even if the injured party cannot prove intent to harm or negligence
Abstract - ANS A document summarizing the chronological and legal history of a parcel of
land used to evaluate the validity of a title or type of deed to be issued.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
VERIFIED ANSWERS. A+ GRADE
2025/2026.
Outline the business relationships between the three principal parties that are involved in a
landscape construction project (Their obligations) - ANS 1. Owner/ client - initiate the project
; signs separate contracts for completion, & responsible for funding design & construction
2. Contractor - hired by owner to combine necessary ingredients of materials , labor,
equipment, and management to accomplish job
3. Landscape architect - deals w/ both. only contractual relationship is w/ owner - finical
feasibility, preliminary designs, preparation of documents, onsite observation
What is professionalism? What Relationship does it have with ethics? - ANS Professionalism
is someone who is ethical, has advance training, a high level of competence, mental services
rather than manual labor, qualifications & licensure, & same quality of service to all regardless
of fees.
Professional ethics - defined rules that govern business conduct and values used to achieve
goals
Describe the difference between direct cost and overhead cost in a contractor's cost accounting
system - ANS Direct cost - materials, labour, equipment
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Overhead coast - expenses not directly charged to field operations
Name 4 sources for appropriation of funds to finance public works projects. - ANS 1. annual
tax receipts - Tax revenues received by government from all sources
2. General Obligation bonds - is a type of municipal bond that is backed entirely by the issuers
creditworthiness and ability to levy taxes on its residents
3.Revenue Bonds - municipal bond supported by the revenue from a specific project, such as a
toll bridge, highway or local stadium.
4. Special Appropriation Tax - place on the public for a limited time and a specific project (i.e.
1% sales tax increase for 2 yrs. to build zoo )
5.User Fees - money collected from users of a particular facility.
6. Grants, matching funds, gifts or a bestowal
List the 4 sources of law in the US and Outline how each functions - ANS 1. Federal & State
Constitutions - establishes fundamental rights, sets up a legislator for making laws
2. Court Decisions - interpret constitution, legislative law, and the principles of common law
3.Federal, State, & local statues-
4. Executive Order - issued by president
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Addendum - ANS A written document issuing changes to the plans and/or specifications
after they are put out for bid but before the contract is signed. Addendum acknowledgment
must be indicated on the bid form
Administrative Agency - ANS A regulatory agency established by statute. A department of
government formed to administer a particular area. An example of a federal administrative
agency would be the environmental protection agency who endeavors to control pollution by
research, monitoring, standard setting and enforcement activities. Similar agencies also exist at
the stat level
Agent of the owner - ANS A person authorized by the owner to act as the owner's
representative to bring about performance of contractual obligations.
Arbitration - ANS A procedure whereby contracting parties may submit a dispute to an
impartial board for a decision. An alternative to a suit in a court of law. this method makes it
possible to avoid many of the legal formalities, delays, and expenses which result from litigation
Article - ANS major subject with a part of a specification section consisting of one or more
related paragraphs and subparagraphs.
Bid - ANS An offer to perform a contract. Generally includes both labor and supplying
materials for a specified price. may be referred to as a proposal
Bid documents - ANS the advertisement, instructions to the bidder and dib form
bid form - ANS the contractor fills out this form to submit the bid. a written instrument so
that all bids will be prepared in a similar manner. A uniform format allows accurate comparison
of bids. in the past, proposal or bid proposal has been used extensively.
capital - ANS Designate goods and assets used by private works for the productive of profits.
It's the owner's equity in a business or the total assets of a business.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, change order - ANS A written document issuing changes to the plans and /or specifications
after the construction contract is awarded. It is prepared by a landscape architect and signed by
the owner and contractor.
civil law - ANS Governs citizens, in their relations with each other. The injured party must
bring suit against another party for damages. In civil action the injured party, called the plaintiff,
brings suit to recover compensation for the violation of duty cause by the wrongful conduct of
the other, referred to as the defendant. The principle form of relief is money.
client - ANS Initiates the project, signs separate contracts with the landscape architect and
contractor for its completion. Responsible for funding both the design and the construction
operations. The owner may be an individual or an organization in the private or public sector.
common law - ANS Law derived from traditional usage and customs as representing what is
right and wrong in human relationships. Its principles have been established by gradual
adoption and verified by decisions in the courts of justice, without legislative action. Common
law is recognized by all courts, but differs in many details from state to state.
competitive bid contract - ANS A type of contract that is straight-forward and business like
whereby the owner takes his chances in an open market situation; paying a fixed price for a
definite service.
Abnormally Dangerous Activity Rule - ANS Certain activities present an unusually high risk of
danger in a particular locale eg, use of explosives in a highly populated area. In such case, the
party engaging in the activity may e strictly liable for damages cause by the activites. In other
words, that person is liable even if the injured party cannot prove intent to harm or negligence
Abstract - ANS A document summarizing the chronological and legal history of a parcel of
land used to evaluate the validity of a title or type of deed to be issued.
4 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
