GTC Microbiology Test 1 Review
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
characteristics of viruses Correct Answer: acellular, consist of DNA or RNA,
surrounded by a protein coat
by changing the metabolism of the invaded cell Correct Answer: How do
viruses grow?
spontaneous generation Correct Answer: believed that living organisms came
from non-living material
Leeuwenhook Correct Answer: Father of Microbiology; observed the first
microorganisms; coined the term cell
Semmelweis Correct Answer: importance of handwashing
Lister Correct Answer: infection control; put phenol on bandages and
instruments to reduce infection; beginning of aseptic surgery
Pasteur Correct Answer: defeated the idea of spontaneous generation;
developed a flask where air could enter but organisms could not; rabies
vaccine
Koch Correct Answer: developed ways of studying bacteria in the lab (AGAR,
pure cultures); one organism=one disease; discovered cause of anthrax and
tuberculosis
1. agent must be found in every case
2. isloated in pure culture
3. inoculation should produce the same disease in another animal
,4. should be able to isolate organism again from diseased animal Correct
Answer: Koch's Postulates (4)
Jenner Correct Answer: vaccination against smallpox using cowpox
Fleming Correct Answer: discovered penicillin; began chemotherapy
mycology Correct Answer: the scientific study of fungi
infectious disease Correct Answer: a contagious illness that results from the
growth and presence of pathogenic biological agents
normal microbiota Correct Answer: the normal microorganisms regularly found
at any anatomical site
emerging disease Correct Answer: a disease that appears in a population for
the first time or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in
incidence
SARS, H1N1, MRSA, VRSA Correct Answer: examples of emerging disease (4)
cystalline violet, methylene blue Correct Answer: examples of simple stains
Negative Correct Answer: Bacteria generally have what charge?
have a positive charge, and attract and color bacteria Correct Answer: A basic
dye will
a negative charge, will repel bacteria Correct Answer: An acidic dye has
simple stain Correct Answer: 1 dye is used
nagative (capsule) stain Correct Answer: repelled from bacteria, only
background will be colored
, differential stain Correct Answer: use more than one stain to differentiate
bacteria or structures (ex: gram stain)
crystalline violet Correct Answer: primary stain
iodine Correct Answer: mordant; sets the stain
alcohol Correct Answer: decolorizer; washes out the stain from gram negative
bacteria
safranin Correct Answer: counterstain; stains gram negative pink
pleomorphic Correct Answer: many formed; capable of assuming many shapes
glycocalyx Correct Answer: external to the cell wall of bacteria; layer of
polysaccharides and peptides that keep the cell from drying out; 2 layers
1. capsule
2. slime layer
capsule Correct Answer: dense gel bound tightly to the cell; protects the cell
from phagocytosis
pneumococcal pneumonia Correct Answer: example of bacteria with a
capsule
slime layer Correct Answer: thinner than capsule; not bound tightly; more
disorganized; adherence; binds cells together; traps nutrients
EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) Correct Answer: glycocalyx that is made of
sugars
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
characteristics of viruses Correct Answer: acellular, consist of DNA or RNA,
surrounded by a protein coat
by changing the metabolism of the invaded cell Correct Answer: How do
viruses grow?
spontaneous generation Correct Answer: believed that living organisms came
from non-living material
Leeuwenhook Correct Answer: Father of Microbiology; observed the first
microorganisms; coined the term cell
Semmelweis Correct Answer: importance of handwashing
Lister Correct Answer: infection control; put phenol on bandages and
instruments to reduce infection; beginning of aseptic surgery
Pasteur Correct Answer: defeated the idea of spontaneous generation;
developed a flask where air could enter but organisms could not; rabies
vaccine
Koch Correct Answer: developed ways of studying bacteria in the lab (AGAR,
pure cultures); one organism=one disease; discovered cause of anthrax and
tuberculosis
1. agent must be found in every case
2. isloated in pure culture
3. inoculation should produce the same disease in another animal
,4. should be able to isolate organism again from diseased animal Correct
Answer: Koch's Postulates (4)
Jenner Correct Answer: vaccination against smallpox using cowpox
Fleming Correct Answer: discovered penicillin; began chemotherapy
mycology Correct Answer: the scientific study of fungi
infectious disease Correct Answer: a contagious illness that results from the
growth and presence of pathogenic biological agents
normal microbiota Correct Answer: the normal microorganisms regularly found
at any anatomical site
emerging disease Correct Answer: a disease that appears in a population for
the first time or that may have existed previously but is rapidly increasing in
incidence
SARS, H1N1, MRSA, VRSA Correct Answer: examples of emerging disease (4)
cystalline violet, methylene blue Correct Answer: examples of simple stains
Negative Correct Answer: Bacteria generally have what charge?
have a positive charge, and attract and color bacteria Correct Answer: A basic
dye will
a negative charge, will repel bacteria Correct Answer: An acidic dye has
simple stain Correct Answer: 1 dye is used
nagative (capsule) stain Correct Answer: repelled from bacteria, only
background will be colored
, differential stain Correct Answer: use more than one stain to differentiate
bacteria or structures (ex: gram stain)
crystalline violet Correct Answer: primary stain
iodine Correct Answer: mordant; sets the stain
alcohol Correct Answer: decolorizer; washes out the stain from gram negative
bacteria
safranin Correct Answer: counterstain; stains gram negative pink
pleomorphic Correct Answer: many formed; capable of assuming many shapes
glycocalyx Correct Answer: external to the cell wall of bacteria; layer of
polysaccharides and peptides that keep the cell from drying out; 2 layers
1. capsule
2. slime layer
capsule Correct Answer: dense gel bound tightly to the cell; protects the cell
from phagocytosis
pneumococcal pneumonia Correct Answer: example of bacteria with a
capsule
slime layer Correct Answer: thinner than capsule; not bound tightly; more
disorganized; adherence; binds cells together; traps nutrients
EPS (extracellular polysaccharide) Correct Answer: glycocalyx that is made of
sugars
