Hondros Bio 253 Exam 2 – Questions With In
Depth Solutions
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Terms in this set (350)
Neurons (Chapter 18) Communicating Cells
-contains ribosomes, rough
endoplasmic er, Golgi
apparatus
Cell body -Neurotransmitters are
packaged into vesticles
-provide proteins for nerve
fibers
- each neuron has 1 axon
-carries impulses to target cells
Axon
Integrates incoming signals
Axon Hillock
-microtubules of
microfilaments, as well as
neurofibrils (budles of
Cytoskeleton
neufilaments)
-allows transport of small
organelles
-Multipolar (motor are typically
multipolar)
Classifications of neurons Bipolar(rare, think of retina)
Unipolar(pseudounipolar)
(sensory are usually unipolar
,Neurons have a limited -If the damage is not extensive, the cell body and
capacity to repair the neurilemma are intact, and scarring has not
themselves occurred than nerve fibers can be repaired
-after injury distal portion of
the axon and myelin sheath
degenerate
-Macrophages remove debris
-remaining neurilemma and
Stages of neuron repair endoneurium form a tunnel
from the point of injury to the
effector
-new Shawanna cells can grow
in the tunnel to maintain a path
of regrowth for the axon
The supporting cells of the
central nervous system / 5
Glia
types
-Starshaped, Largest and most
numerous type of glia
-cell extensions connect to
neurons and capillaries
Astrocytes
-transfers the nutrients from
the blood to the neuron.
-helps form and operate
synapse
-small usually stationary cells
-phagocytes
Microglia
-lined fluid filled cavities in the
CNS
Ependymal cells
-make and circulate
Cerebrospinal fluid
, -smaller than astrocytes and
have fewer processes
Oligodendrocytes
-hold the nerve fibers together
-producer the myelin sheath
-Found only in Peripheral
neurons
Neuroglia: Schwann Cells
-Supportive nerve fibers and
form the myelin sheaths
-gaps between the segments
and the Nodes of Ranvier
Myelin sheaths
-Made is segments by glia cells
oligodendrocytes located in the CNS
Located in the PNS
Schwann Cells
-consists of the brain and
spinal cord
central nervous system -structural and center of the
entire nervous system
-Main function is evaluation
Nerves that are the outlier of
the body
peripheral nervous -Cranial nerves originate from
system the brain
-spinal nerves originate from
the spinal cord
(sensory) brings signals into
the CNS
Afferent Division
-consist of all incoming
pathways
, carries feedback information to
the somatic integration center
somatic sensory division in the CNS.
- these include the skin
muscles and joints
(motor)- carries signals to the
effectors outside the nervous
system
Efferent Division Consist of all outgoing motor
pathways
-sympatric division
parasympathetic division
carries information to somatic effectors such as the
skeletal muscles
somatic motor division /
- carries information to autonomic and visceral
ans
effectors like smooth and cardiac muscles , adipose
tissue
integrate signals
interneurons
The path of which something is
sensed and then the effect
Reflex Arc
receptor -> afferent sensory
neutron -> interneuron->
Reflex arc path order
efferent neuron ->effector
Sensory in & Motor out ON
THE SAME SIDE OF THE BODY
Ipsilateral reflex arc
Depth Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (350)
Neurons (Chapter 18) Communicating Cells
-contains ribosomes, rough
endoplasmic er, Golgi
apparatus
Cell body -Neurotransmitters are
packaged into vesticles
-provide proteins for nerve
fibers
- each neuron has 1 axon
-carries impulses to target cells
Axon
Integrates incoming signals
Axon Hillock
-microtubules of
microfilaments, as well as
neurofibrils (budles of
Cytoskeleton
neufilaments)
-allows transport of small
organelles
-Multipolar (motor are typically
multipolar)
Classifications of neurons Bipolar(rare, think of retina)
Unipolar(pseudounipolar)
(sensory are usually unipolar
,Neurons have a limited -If the damage is not extensive, the cell body and
capacity to repair the neurilemma are intact, and scarring has not
themselves occurred than nerve fibers can be repaired
-after injury distal portion of
the axon and myelin sheath
degenerate
-Macrophages remove debris
-remaining neurilemma and
Stages of neuron repair endoneurium form a tunnel
from the point of injury to the
effector
-new Shawanna cells can grow
in the tunnel to maintain a path
of regrowth for the axon
The supporting cells of the
central nervous system / 5
Glia
types
-Starshaped, Largest and most
numerous type of glia
-cell extensions connect to
neurons and capillaries
Astrocytes
-transfers the nutrients from
the blood to the neuron.
-helps form and operate
synapse
-small usually stationary cells
-phagocytes
Microglia
-lined fluid filled cavities in the
CNS
Ependymal cells
-make and circulate
Cerebrospinal fluid
, -smaller than astrocytes and
have fewer processes
Oligodendrocytes
-hold the nerve fibers together
-producer the myelin sheath
-Found only in Peripheral
neurons
Neuroglia: Schwann Cells
-Supportive nerve fibers and
form the myelin sheaths
-gaps between the segments
and the Nodes of Ranvier
Myelin sheaths
-Made is segments by glia cells
oligodendrocytes located in the CNS
Located in the PNS
Schwann Cells
-consists of the brain and
spinal cord
central nervous system -structural and center of the
entire nervous system
-Main function is evaluation
Nerves that are the outlier of
the body
peripheral nervous -Cranial nerves originate from
system the brain
-spinal nerves originate from
the spinal cord
(sensory) brings signals into
the CNS
Afferent Division
-consist of all incoming
pathways
, carries feedback information to
the somatic integration center
somatic sensory division in the CNS.
- these include the skin
muscles and joints
(motor)- carries signals to the
effectors outside the nervous
system
Efferent Division Consist of all outgoing motor
pathways
-sympatric division
parasympathetic division
carries information to somatic effectors such as the
skeletal muscles
somatic motor division /
- carries information to autonomic and visceral
ans
effectors like smooth and cardiac muscles , adipose
tissue
integrate signals
interneurons
The path of which something is
sensed and then the effect
Reflex Arc
receptor -> afferent sensory
neutron -> interneuron->
Reflex arc path order
efferent neuron ->effector
Sensory in & Motor out ON
THE SAME SIDE OF THE BODY
Ipsilateral reflex arc
