Organic Chemistry – 4th Edition by David R. Klein | Complete Solutions Manual for Chapters 1–27

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, Chapter 1
A Review of General Chemistry:
Electrons, Bonds and Molecular Properties
Review of Concepts
Fill in the blanks below. To verify that your answers are correct, look in your textbook at the end of
Chapter 1. Each of the sentences below appears verbatim in the section entitled Review of Concepts and
Vocabulary.

 _____________ isomers share the same molecular formula but have different connectivity of
atoms and different physical properties.
 Second-row elements generally obey the _______ rule, bonding to achieve noble gas electron
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configuration.
 A pair of unshared electrons is called a ______________.
 A formal charge occurs when atoms do not exhibit the appropriate number of
___________________________.
 An atomic orbital is a region of space associated with ____________________, while a
molecular orbital is associated with _______________________.
 Methane’s tetrahedral geometry can be explained using four degenerate _____-hybridized
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orbitals to achieve its four single bonds.
 Ethylene’s planar geometry can be explained using three degenerate _____-hybridized orbitals.
 Acetylene’s linear geometry is achieved via _____-hybridized carbon atoms.
 The geometry of small compounds can be predicted using valence shell electron pair repulsion
(VSEPR) theory, which focuses on the number of  bonds and _______________
exhibited by each atom.
 The physical properties of compounds are determined by __________________ forces, the
attractive forces between molecules.
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 London dispersion forces result from the interaction between transient __________________
and are stronger for larger alkanes due to their larger surface area and ability to accommodate
more interactions.
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Review of Skills
Fill in the blanks and empty boxes below. To verify that your answers are correct, look in your textbook at
the end of Chapter 1. The answers appear in the section entitled SkillBuilder Review.
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SkillBuilder 1.1 Drawing Constitutional Isomers of Small Molecules
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SkillBuilder 1.2 Drawing the Lewis Structure of a Small Molecule

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SkillBuilder 1.3 Calculating Formal Charge




SkillBuilder 1.4 Locating Partial Charges Resulting from Induction
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SkillBuilder 1.5 Reading Bond-Line Structures
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SkillBuilder 1.6 Identifying Electron Configurations
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Step 1 In the energy Step 2 Fill in the boxes below with the
diagram shown here, 2p numbers that correctly describe the
draw the electron electron configuration of nitrogen.
configuration of nitrogen 2s
(using arrows to
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represent electrons). 1s 1s 2s 2p
Nitrogen
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SkillBuilder 1.7 Identifying Hybridization States
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