NR 283 Human
Growth &
Development – 2025
Exam Q&A | Verified
Correct
Prenatal and Infancy (Questions 1-12)
1. A teratogen exposure during the embryonic period (weeks 3-8) is most likely
to cause?
• A. Low birth weight
• B. Major structural malformations
• C. Behavioral issues
• D. Growth retardation
B. Major structural malformations
Rationale: The embryonic period is critical for organogenesis, where teratogens
like thalidomide can cause severe congenital anomalies (e.g., limb defects).
Updated 2025 ACOG guidelines emphasize this vulnerability window, contrasting
with fetal period risks like low birth weight or functional deficits.
2. At birth, the Apgar score assesses newborn adaptation. A score of 7 -10
indicates?
• A. Severe distress requiring resuscitation
• B. Good adaptation
, • C. Moderate difficulty
• D. Immediate NICU transfer
B. Good adaptation
Rationale: The Apgar scale (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration)
rates 0-10 at 1 and 5 minutes; 7-10 shows effective transition to extrauterine life,
per 2025 AAP newborn guidelines. Scores <7 prompt intervention.
3. In Erikson's psychosocial stages, infancy (0-1 year) focuses on?
• A. Autonomy vs. shame
• B. Trust vs. mistrust
• C. Initiative vs. guilt
• D. Industry vs. inferiority
B. Trust vs. mistrust
Rationale: Erikson's first stage emphasizes consistent caregiving to build trust;
failure leads to mistrust and attachment issues. 2025 APA updates link this to
secure attachment (Ainsworth), foundational for lifelong emotional regulation.
4. The gross motor milestone of rolling over typically occurs at?
• A. 2 months
• B. 4 months
• C. 6 months
• D. 9 months
B. 4 months
Rationale: CDC 2025 milestones: Prone to supine rolling at 4 months reflects
developing trunk strength; delays may signal neuromotor concerns, prompting
early intervention referral.
5. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) peak incidence is between?
• A. Birth-1 month
• B. 1-4 months
• C. 6-9 months
• D. 12-18 months
Growth &
Development – 2025
Exam Q&A | Verified
Correct
Prenatal and Infancy (Questions 1-12)
1. A teratogen exposure during the embryonic period (weeks 3-8) is most likely
to cause?
• A. Low birth weight
• B. Major structural malformations
• C. Behavioral issues
• D. Growth retardation
B. Major structural malformations
Rationale: The embryonic period is critical for organogenesis, where teratogens
like thalidomide can cause severe congenital anomalies (e.g., limb defects).
Updated 2025 ACOG guidelines emphasize this vulnerability window, contrasting
with fetal period risks like low birth weight or functional deficits.
2. At birth, the Apgar score assesses newborn adaptation. A score of 7 -10
indicates?
• A. Severe distress requiring resuscitation
• B. Good adaptation
, • C. Moderate difficulty
• D. Immediate NICU transfer
B. Good adaptation
Rationale: The Apgar scale (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration)
rates 0-10 at 1 and 5 minutes; 7-10 shows effective transition to extrauterine life,
per 2025 AAP newborn guidelines. Scores <7 prompt intervention.
3. In Erikson's psychosocial stages, infancy (0-1 year) focuses on?
• A. Autonomy vs. shame
• B. Trust vs. mistrust
• C. Initiative vs. guilt
• D. Industry vs. inferiority
B. Trust vs. mistrust
Rationale: Erikson's first stage emphasizes consistent caregiving to build trust;
failure leads to mistrust and attachment issues. 2025 APA updates link this to
secure attachment (Ainsworth), foundational for lifelong emotional regulation.
4. The gross motor milestone of rolling over typically occurs at?
• A. 2 months
• B. 4 months
• C. 6 months
• D. 9 months
B. 4 months
Rationale: CDC 2025 milestones: Prone to supine rolling at 4 months reflects
developing trunk strength; delays may signal neuromotor concerns, prompting
early intervention referral.
5. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) peak incidence is between?
• A. Birth-1 month
• B. 1-4 months
• C. 6-9 months
• D. 12-18 months
