PALS Pre course Self-
Assessment
1. What is the preferred compression-to-ventilation ratio for 1 rescuer performing
CPR on a child?
Answer: 30:2
2. What is the preferred compression-to-ventilation ratio for 2 rescuers performing
CPR on an infant or child?
Answer: 15:2
3. What is the correct depth of chest compressions for infants?
Answer: About 1.5 inches (4 cm), or one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the
chest.
4. What is the correct depth of chest compressions for children?
Answer: About 2 inches (5 cm), or one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the
chest.
5. What is the correct rate of chest compressions for infants and children?
Answer: 100–120 compressions per minute.
6. What is the ratio of compressions to breaths for newborn resuscitation?
Answer: 3:1
7. You witness a 6-year-old suddenly collapse. The child is pulseless and not
breathing. What is your first step?
Answer: Start high-quality CPR and activate the emergency response system.
⚡ Section 2: Rhythm Recognition
,8. Identify this rhythm: Regular rhythm, narrow QRS, rate 220 bpm, no visible P
waves.
Answer: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
9. Identify this rhythm: Irregular rhythm, no organized P waves, and chaotic baseline.
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation (VF).
10. Identify this rhythm: Wide QRS, rate 180 bpm, no P waves visible.
Answer: Ventricular tachycardia (VT).
11. Identify this rhythm: Slow regular rhythm, P waves present, narrow QRS, rate 40
bpm.
Answer: Sinus bradycardia.
12. Identify this rhythm: Organized electrical activity on the monitor but no palpable
pulse.
Answer: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA).
💊 Section 3: Pharmacology
13. What is the first drug of choice for bradycardia with poor perfusion in a child?
Answer: Epinephrine (0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3–5 minutes).
14. What is the dose of adenosine for SVT in a child?
Answer:
First dose: 0.1 mg/kg (max 6 mg)
Second dose: 0.2 mg/kg (max 12 mg).
15. What is the IV/IO dose of amiodarone for refractory VF or pulseless VT in a child?
Answer: 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus (may repeat up to 2 times for refractory VF/VT).
, 16. What is the epinephrine dose for cardiac arrest (IV/IO)?
Answer: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 concentration (0.1 mL/kg).
17. What is the fluid bolus for pediatric shock (excluding cardiogenic)?
Answer: 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline or lactated Ringer’s).
18. What drug and dose are recommended for treating torsades de pointes in a
child?
Answer: Magnesium sulfate, 25–50 mg/kg IV/IO (max 2 g).
❤️
Section 4: Cardiac Arrest Algorithm
19. After two minutes of CPR, the rhythm check shows VF. What do you do next?
Answer: Defibrillate (first shock 2 J/kg).
20. After defibrillation, what is your next step?
Answer: Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes before rechecking rhythm.
21. What is the second defibrillation dose in pediatric cardiac arrest?
Answer: 4 J/kg.
22. What should you do if VF/pulseless VT persists after 2 shocks and epinephrine?
Answer: Give amiodarone 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus and continue CPR.
23. When do you give epinephrine during cardiac arrest?
Answer: Every 3–5 minutes after the second defibrillation (if still pulseless).
🌬️
Section 5: Respiratory & Shock Management
24. What are early signs of respiratory distress in children?
Answer: Tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions.
Assessment
1. What is the preferred compression-to-ventilation ratio for 1 rescuer performing
CPR on a child?
Answer: 30:2
2. What is the preferred compression-to-ventilation ratio for 2 rescuers performing
CPR on an infant or child?
Answer: 15:2
3. What is the correct depth of chest compressions for infants?
Answer: About 1.5 inches (4 cm), or one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the
chest.
4. What is the correct depth of chest compressions for children?
Answer: About 2 inches (5 cm), or one-third the anterior-posterior diameter of the
chest.
5. What is the correct rate of chest compressions for infants and children?
Answer: 100–120 compressions per minute.
6. What is the ratio of compressions to breaths for newborn resuscitation?
Answer: 3:1
7. You witness a 6-year-old suddenly collapse. The child is pulseless and not
breathing. What is your first step?
Answer: Start high-quality CPR and activate the emergency response system.
⚡ Section 2: Rhythm Recognition
,8. Identify this rhythm: Regular rhythm, narrow QRS, rate 220 bpm, no visible P
waves.
Answer: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
9. Identify this rhythm: Irregular rhythm, no organized P waves, and chaotic baseline.
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation (VF).
10. Identify this rhythm: Wide QRS, rate 180 bpm, no P waves visible.
Answer: Ventricular tachycardia (VT).
11. Identify this rhythm: Slow regular rhythm, P waves present, narrow QRS, rate 40
bpm.
Answer: Sinus bradycardia.
12. Identify this rhythm: Organized electrical activity on the monitor but no palpable
pulse.
Answer: Pulseless electrical activity (PEA).
💊 Section 3: Pharmacology
13. What is the first drug of choice for bradycardia with poor perfusion in a child?
Answer: Epinephrine (0.01 mg/kg IV/IO every 3–5 minutes).
14. What is the dose of adenosine for SVT in a child?
Answer:
First dose: 0.1 mg/kg (max 6 mg)
Second dose: 0.2 mg/kg (max 12 mg).
15. What is the IV/IO dose of amiodarone for refractory VF or pulseless VT in a child?
Answer: 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus (may repeat up to 2 times for refractory VF/VT).
, 16. What is the epinephrine dose for cardiac arrest (IV/IO)?
Answer: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:10,000 concentration (0.1 mL/kg).
17. What is the fluid bolus for pediatric shock (excluding cardiogenic)?
Answer: 20 mL/kg of isotonic crystalloid (normal saline or lactated Ringer’s).
18. What drug and dose are recommended for treating torsades de pointes in a
child?
Answer: Magnesium sulfate, 25–50 mg/kg IV/IO (max 2 g).
❤️
Section 4: Cardiac Arrest Algorithm
19. After two minutes of CPR, the rhythm check shows VF. What do you do next?
Answer: Defibrillate (first shock 2 J/kg).
20. After defibrillation, what is your next step?
Answer: Resume CPR immediately for 2 minutes before rechecking rhythm.
21. What is the second defibrillation dose in pediatric cardiac arrest?
Answer: 4 J/kg.
22. What should you do if VF/pulseless VT persists after 2 shocks and epinephrine?
Answer: Give amiodarone 5 mg/kg IV/IO bolus and continue CPR.
23. When do you give epinephrine during cardiac arrest?
Answer: Every 3–5 minutes after the second defibrillation (if still pulseless).
🌬️
Section 5: Respiratory & Shock Management
24. What are early signs of respiratory distress in children?
Answer: Tachypnea, nasal flaring, grunting, retractions.
