ARCH 131 #2 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
Proteins Correct Answer: Crucial for cell shape and nearly all cellular tasks;
interact with other types of proteins and molecules
Lipids Correct Answer: Organic compounds; fats, oils, hormones
Carbohydrates Correct Answer: Sugar molecules provide energy for cells;
glucose, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms
Nucleic acids Correct Answer: Carry genetic information about a living
organism (DNA, RNA, etc.)
Prokaryote Correct Answer: Single-celled, no nucleus or membrane, enclosed
organelles
Eukaryote Correct Answer: Single or multicellular, distinct nucleus, each
organelle surrounded by its own membrane
Nucleus Correct Answer: Protects DNA, regulates nuclear activities
Mitochondrion Correct Answer: Energy production, contains adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), powers cellular processes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Correct Answer: circular DNA segment in
mitochondria, inherited maternally
Nucleolus Correct Answer: in nucleus, site of rRNA transcription, processing, and
assembly
Ribosome Correct Answer: In cytoplasm and membrane of rough ER, messenger
RNA (mRNA) binds to ribosomes, proteins synthesized
, Nucleotides Correct Answer: basic structural component of nucleic acids,
includes DNA (A, T (thymine), C, and G) and RNA (adenine (A), uracil (U),
cytosine (C), and guanine (G))
Base pairs Correct Answer: chemical bond between nucleotides; DNA (A+T),
(C+G); RNA (A+U)
Histones Correct Answer: proteins, DNA wraps around; assist with DNA
organization in the nucleus
Chromatin Correct Answer: DNA wrapped around histone complexes; in cell
division, chromatin becomes condensed chromosomes
Euchromatin Correct Answer: Loosely coiled chromosomes
Centomeres Correct Answer: center of chromosome
Telomeres Correct Answer: ends of chromosome
Elongation Correct Answer: assembly of new DNA daughter strands from
exposed original parent strands
Termination Correct Answer: end of DNA replication activity
Germ cells Correct Answer: Form gametes (egg and sperm cells)
Homologous chromosomes Correct Answer: matching pair, 1 maternally
inherited and 1 paternally inherited
Mitosis Correct Answer: somatic cell division, produces 2 diploid daughter cells
Meiosis Correct Answer: gamete division, produces 4 haploid daughter cells
Karyotyping Correct Answer: test for the number of chromosomes
Correct Answers
Proteins Correct Answer: Crucial for cell shape and nearly all cellular tasks;
interact with other types of proteins and molecules
Lipids Correct Answer: Organic compounds; fats, oils, hormones
Carbohydrates Correct Answer: Sugar molecules provide energy for cells;
glucose, composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms
Nucleic acids Correct Answer: Carry genetic information about a living
organism (DNA, RNA, etc.)
Prokaryote Correct Answer: Single-celled, no nucleus or membrane, enclosed
organelles
Eukaryote Correct Answer: Single or multicellular, distinct nucleus, each
organelle surrounded by its own membrane
Nucleus Correct Answer: Protects DNA, regulates nuclear activities
Mitochondrion Correct Answer: Energy production, contains adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), powers cellular processes
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Correct Answer: circular DNA segment in
mitochondria, inherited maternally
Nucleolus Correct Answer: in nucleus, site of rRNA transcription, processing, and
assembly
Ribosome Correct Answer: In cytoplasm and membrane of rough ER, messenger
RNA (mRNA) binds to ribosomes, proteins synthesized
, Nucleotides Correct Answer: basic structural component of nucleic acids,
includes DNA (A, T (thymine), C, and G) and RNA (adenine (A), uracil (U),
cytosine (C), and guanine (G))
Base pairs Correct Answer: chemical bond between nucleotides; DNA (A+T),
(C+G); RNA (A+U)
Histones Correct Answer: proteins, DNA wraps around; assist with DNA
organization in the nucleus
Chromatin Correct Answer: DNA wrapped around histone complexes; in cell
division, chromatin becomes condensed chromosomes
Euchromatin Correct Answer: Loosely coiled chromosomes
Centomeres Correct Answer: center of chromosome
Telomeres Correct Answer: ends of chromosome
Elongation Correct Answer: assembly of new DNA daughter strands from
exposed original parent strands
Termination Correct Answer: end of DNA replication activity
Germ cells Correct Answer: Form gametes (egg and sperm cells)
Homologous chromosomes Correct Answer: matching pair, 1 maternally
inherited and 1 paternally inherited
Mitosis Correct Answer: somatic cell division, produces 2 diploid daughter cells
Meiosis Correct Answer: gamete division, produces 4 haploid daughter cells
Karyotyping Correct Answer: test for the number of chromosomes
