ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
B-lymphocytes correct answers >> ..., Responsible for
humoral immunity. B-Cells are exposed to an antigen. When they
encounter an antigen they imprint the antigen. Every bacteria has
an antigenic site or antigenic marker. Immune system will
respond to marker.
Types of immunity correct answers >> ..., Natural active
immunity,Natural passive immunity,Artificial active
immunity,Artificial passive immunity
Immunotope correct answers >> ...
Epitope correct answers >> ..., An area of the antigen
molecle that stimulates the production of, and combines with,
specific antibodies; also know as the antigenic determinant site
Paratope correct answers >> ..., what is the name of the part
of the antibody that interacts with the antigen?
IgA correct answers >> ..., (1) 10-15% of total Ig in serum (2)
predominant in secretions like breast milk, saliva, tears, mucous
(3) primarily exists as monomer; secretory IgA is dimer or
tetramer
,IgE correct answers >> ..., 1% of serum antibody, half life 2.5
days, helminth infections, binds to mast cells via FcεR (mediates
allergic reaction, triggers mast cell degranulation)
IgG correct answers >> ..., 2nd to respond, formed in lg
quantities & work in the blood & tissues. They bind to destructive
pathogens so that the immune cells (for example, macrophage)
have an easier time ingesting them. The immunoglobulin class
that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta i
IgM correct answers >> ..., 31. The most potent activator of
classical complement., first to appear on the surface of B cells
Endogenous antigens correct answers >> ..., infected host
cells display pathogen proteins externally and are recognized as
foreign; infected cell with virus and the viral antigens surround it
Herpes virus correct answers >> ...,, 1) HSV-1 - oral herpes,
STD and contact, no vaccine, lifetime infection, treat the
symptoms, sore
Maternal antibody correct answers >> ..., Natural, passive
immunity, IgG, maternal IgG crosses placent, Antibody in a
newborn animal which the newborn acquired through the
placenta or colostrum (the first milk).
Hypersensitivity reactions correct answers >> ..., Different
types; unexpected outcome after the administration of a
medication; usually immune (IgE) mediated if previously exposed
,(Type I Hypersensitivity reaction); ranges from rash/hives to
anaphylaxis (life threatening)- Cell mediated
Development of allergies Alloimmunity correct answers
>> ..., Mast cell degranulates releasing histamine into tissue -
histamine binds to receptors on endothelial cells - results in
allergic symptoms.
Autoimmunity correct answers >> ..., Antigens trigger the
formation of abnormal IgG in tissue and plasma, activates
complement, An immune response directed against one's own
self antigens.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus correct answers >> ..., An
autoimmune disease where the body's immune system damages
its own tissues and cells. Characteristics are a bad rash or skin
lesions. 40-50% of lupus patients develop renal disease, others
develop hemolysis and anemia. Cause unknown.
Graves Disease correct answers >> ..., Autoantibody (IgG)
that stimulates TSH receptor (type II hypersensitivity), An
autoimmune disease, in which antibodies against the TSH
(thyroid-stimulating hormone) receptor in thyroid epithelial cell
membranes bind to it permanently and mimic the effects of TSH
binding. This results in continual release of thyroid hormones into
the bloodstream, causing the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Morbidity & mortality correct answers >> ..., illness & deaths,
Morbidity = presence of disease Mortality= deaths
, Bacteria & Fungi correct answers >> ..., Bacteria are larger,
easily grown in the lab, and can be seen with regular
microscopes. Generally they can be treated successfully with
antibiotics however, many bacteria are now becoming resistant to
antibiotics., Fungi- kingdom of complex organisms that obtain
food by breaking down other substances in their surroundings and
absorbing the nutrients.
Fungal infection mechanism correct answers >> ...
Cytokine correct answers >> ...
HIV seronegativity correct answers >> ...
Infectivity correct answers >> ..., Capacity of an agent to
enter and multiply in a susceptible host and thus produce
infection or disease.
Pathogenicity correct answers >> ..., A broad concept that
describes an organism's potential to cause infection or disease,
and is used to divide pathogenic microbes into one of two groups.
Virulence correct answers >> ..., measure of pathogenicity.
Depends on the strength to adhere to health cells, damage cells
or interfere with body's normal regulating systems and/or white
blood cells.
Toxigenicity correct answers >> ..., Ability to produce
disease by production of a soluble toxin, such as hemolysin,
leukocidin, other exotoxins, and endotoxins.
FINAL EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
B-lymphocytes correct answers >> ..., Responsible for
humoral immunity. B-Cells are exposed to an antigen. When they
encounter an antigen they imprint the antigen. Every bacteria has
an antigenic site or antigenic marker. Immune system will
respond to marker.
Types of immunity correct answers >> ..., Natural active
immunity,Natural passive immunity,Artificial active
immunity,Artificial passive immunity
Immunotope correct answers >> ...
Epitope correct answers >> ..., An area of the antigen
molecle that stimulates the production of, and combines with,
specific antibodies; also know as the antigenic determinant site
Paratope correct answers >> ..., what is the name of the part
of the antibody that interacts with the antigen?
IgA correct answers >> ..., (1) 10-15% of total Ig in serum (2)
predominant in secretions like breast milk, saliva, tears, mucous
(3) primarily exists as monomer; secretory IgA is dimer or
tetramer
,IgE correct answers >> ..., 1% of serum antibody, half life 2.5
days, helminth infections, binds to mast cells via FcεR (mediates
allergic reaction, triggers mast cell degranulation)
IgG correct answers >> ..., 2nd to respond, formed in lg
quantities & work in the blood & tissues. They bind to destructive
pathogens so that the immune cells (for example, macrophage)
have an easier time ingesting them. The immunoglobulin class
that is the only one capable of crossing the placenta i
IgM correct answers >> ..., 31. The most potent activator of
classical complement., first to appear on the surface of B cells
Endogenous antigens correct answers >> ..., infected host
cells display pathogen proteins externally and are recognized as
foreign; infected cell with virus and the viral antigens surround it
Herpes virus correct answers >> ...,, 1) HSV-1 - oral herpes,
STD and contact, no vaccine, lifetime infection, treat the
symptoms, sore
Maternal antibody correct answers >> ..., Natural, passive
immunity, IgG, maternal IgG crosses placent, Antibody in a
newborn animal which the newborn acquired through the
placenta or colostrum (the first milk).
Hypersensitivity reactions correct answers >> ..., Different
types; unexpected outcome after the administration of a
medication; usually immune (IgE) mediated if previously exposed
,(Type I Hypersensitivity reaction); ranges from rash/hives to
anaphylaxis (life threatening)- Cell mediated
Development of allergies Alloimmunity correct answers
>> ..., Mast cell degranulates releasing histamine into tissue -
histamine binds to receptors on endothelial cells - results in
allergic symptoms.
Autoimmunity correct answers >> ..., Antigens trigger the
formation of abnormal IgG in tissue and plasma, activates
complement, An immune response directed against one's own
self antigens.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus correct answers >> ..., An
autoimmune disease where the body's immune system damages
its own tissues and cells. Characteristics are a bad rash or skin
lesions. 40-50% of lupus patients develop renal disease, others
develop hemolysis and anemia. Cause unknown.
Graves Disease correct answers >> ..., Autoantibody (IgG)
that stimulates TSH receptor (type II hypersensitivity), An
autoimmune disease, in which antibodies against the TSH
(thyroid-stimulating hormone) receptor in thyroid epithelial cell
membranes bind to it permanently and mimic the effects of TSH
binding. This results in continual release of thyroid hormones into
the bloodstream, causing the symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
Morbidity & mortality correct answers >> ..., illness & deaths,
Morbidity = presence of disease Mortality= deaths
, Bacteria & Fungi correct answers >> ..., Bacteria are larger,
easily grown in the lab, and can be seen with regular
microscopes. Generally they can be treated successfully with
antibiotics however, many bacteria are now becoming resistant to
antibiotics., Fungi- kingdom of complex organisms that obtain
food by breaking down other substances in their surroundings and
absorbing the nutrients.
Fungal infection mechanism correct answers >> ...
Cytokine correct answers >> ...
HIV seronegativity correct answers >> ...
Infectivity correct answers >> ..., Capacity of an agent to
enter and multiply in a susceptible host and thus produce
infection or disease.
Pathogenicity correct answers >> ..., A broad concept that
describes an organism's potential to cause infection or disease,
and is used to divide pathogenic microbes into one of two groups.
Virulence correct answers >> ..., measure of pathogenicity.
Depends on the strength to adhere to health cells, damage cells
or interfere with body's normal regulating systems and/or white
blood cells.
Toxigenicity correct answers >> ..., Ability to produce
disease by production of a soluble toxin, such as hemolysin,
leukocidin, other exotoxins, and endotoxins.
