Psyc375 Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers
Merton's Norms of Science - Correct answer-Universalism
Communism
Disinteretedness
Organized skepticism
What skeptical thinking boils down to - Correct answer-the means to construct, and
to understand, a reasoned argument and recognize a fallacious or fraudulent
argument.
Science is a collection of __________ and __________ for acquiring verifiable
knowledge - Correct answer-principles and techniques
Our research practices are guided by - Correct answer-many unstated
metatheoretical assumptions and values.
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,False positive psychology - Correct answer-Having small samples, collecting
additional dependent variables, peeking at data, dropping an experimental
condition
Researchers degrees of freedom - Correct answer-undisclosed flexibility in
experimental design and analysis that can lead to spurious effects
What is p-Hacking - Correct answer-Manipulation of data analysis or reporting
practices to find statistically significant results.
Result of p-Hacking on research - Correct answer-Inflates the likelihood of finding
false positives, undermines the reliability of research
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to researcher's intent? - Correct
answer-Desire to publish significant findings
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to ambiguity in data analysis? -
Correct answer-Lack of clear analytical plans
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to lack of pre-planning? -
Correct answer-Not specifying methods before data collection
Hypothesizing After the Results are Known - Correct answer-HARKing
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,Presenting a post hoc hypothesis as if it were an a priori hypothesis - Correct
answer-HARKing
HARKing ruins the meaning of what? - Correct answer-p-values
Open Science - Correct answer-the practice of sharing one's data and materials
freely so others can collaborate, use, and verify the results
Preregistration - Correct answer-publicly communicating planned study design,
hypotheses, data collection, and analyses
Effect of preregistration - Correct answer-Prevents p-hacking, HARKing
Open Access (OA) - Correct answer-refers to online research outputs that are free
of all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use.
Open Science Manifesto - Correct answer-Openness adds credibility and means
mistakes are visible
Predatory journals - Correct answer-A type of publication that exploits the open-
access model by charging authors significant fees without providing the standard
editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate academic journals.
The Availability Heuristic - Correct answer-making a decision based on the answer
that most easily comes to mind
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, Representativeness Heuristic - Correct answer-judging the likelihood of things in
terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may
lead us to ignore other relevant information
Self-Perception Bias - Correct answer-Tendency to overestimate our performance
and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light then others do.
Framing Effects - Correct answer-when people give different answers to the same
problem depending on how the problem is phrased (or framed)
Common Errors of Intuition - Correct answer-The Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Confirmation Bias
Self-Perception Bias
Framing Effects
Principles that can lead us to more objective, independently verifiable knowledge -
Correct answer-Rationalism
Empiricism
Parsimony
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Answers
Merton's Norms of Science - Correct answer-Universalism
Communism
Disinteretedness
Organized skepticism
What skeptical thinking boils down to - Correct answer-the means to construct, and
to understand, a reasoned argument and recognize a fallacious or fraudulent
argument.
Science is a collection of __________ and __________ for acquiring verifiable
knowledge - Correct answer-principles and techniques
Our research practices are guided by - Correct answer-many unstated
metatheoretical assumptions and values.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,False positive psychology - Correct answer-Having small samples, collecting
additional dependent variables, peeking at data, dropping an experimental
condition
Researchers degrees of freedom - Correct answer-undisclosed flexibility in
experimental design and analysis that can lead to spurious effects
What is p-Hacking - Correct answer-Manipulation of data analysis or reporting
practices to find statistically significant results.
Result of p-Hacking on research - Correct answer-Inflates the likelihood of finding
false positives, undermines the reliability of research
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to researcher's intent? - Correct
answer-Desire to publish significant findings
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to ambiguity in data analysis? -
Correct answer-Lack of clear analytical plans
What is one possible reason for p-Hacking related to lack of pre-planning? -
Correct answer-Not specifying methods before data collection
Hypothesizing After the Results are Known - Correct answer-HARKing
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Presenting a post hoc hypothesis as if it were an a priori hypothesis - Correct
answer-HARKing
HARKing ruins the meaning of what? - Correct answer-p-values
Open Science - Correct answer-the practice of sharing one's data and materials
freely so others can collaborate, use, and verify the results
Preregistration - Correct answer-publicly communicating planned study design,
hypotheses, data collection, and analyses
Effect of preregistration - Correct answer-Prevents p-hacking, HARKing
Open Access (OA) - Correct answer-refers to online research outputs that are free
of all restrictions on access and free of many restrictions on use.
Open Science Manifesto - Correct answer-Openness adds credibility and means
mistakes are visible
Predatory journals - Correct answer-A type of publication that exploits the open-
access model by charging authors significant fees without providing the standard
editorial and publishing services associated with legitimate academic journals.
The Availability Heuristic - Correct answer-making a decision based on the answer
that most easily comes to mind
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Representativeness Heuristic - Correct answer-judging the likelihood of things in
terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may
lead us to ignore other relevant information
Self-Perception Bias - Correct answer-Tendency to overestimate our performance
and capabilities and see ourselves in a more positive light then others do.
Framing Effects - Correct answer-when people give different answers to the same
problem depending on how the problem is phrased (or framed)
Common Errors of Intuition - Correct answer-The Availability Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Confirmation Bias
Self-Perception Bias
Framing Effects
Principles that can lead us to more objective, independently verifiable knowledge -
Correct answer-Rationalism
Empiricism
Parsimony
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