ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UTMB 5355
EXAM PREP TEST BANK 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Transcription results in. Answer: mRNA
◉ RNA polymerase makes. Answer: mRNA
◉ mRNA. Answer: makes proteins
◉ RNA polymerase. Answer: binds to DNA
◉ Transcription factors (TFs). Answer: A regulatory protein that binds to
DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or
repress expression of genes
◉ Termination of transcription. Answer: RNA polymerase reaches a
terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
◉ Translation. Answer: Process by which mRNA is decoded and a
protein is produced. Protein assembly
,◉ Translation takes place in the. Answer: cytoplasm
◉ Codon. Answer: A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of
DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
◉ Amino acids are. Answer: building blocks of proteins
◉ tRNA. Answer: An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter
between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino
acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
◉ Codons allow. Answer: for DNA and RNA to communicate
◉ Gene Regulation. Answer: the process of turning genes on and off
◉ Gene Regulation occurs. Answer: during transcription
◉ Transcription factors (TFs) determine. Answer: amount of protein
product made
◉ Nucleotide. Answer: DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1
nitrogenous base
,◉ Mutation. Answer: permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that
affects genetic information
◉ germline mutation. Answer: happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all
cells
◉ somatic mutation. Answer: A mutation that occurs in the body cells
from spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
◉ causes of mutations. Answer: • Incorrect copying of the DNA
sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
◉ silent mutation. Answer: alters a base but does not change the amino
acid
◉ DNA is. Answer: master blueprint for human being
◉ Gene. Answer: the basic unit of inheritance
, ◉ DNA makes. Answer: proteins
◉ Chromosomes. Answer: threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
◉ 23 pairs of. Answer: chromosomes
◉ Allele. Answer: variant of a gene
◉ A cell holds how many alleles of each gene?. Answer: 2, one from
mom and one from dad
◉ Phenotype. Answer: An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits. Affected by environment
◉ Genotype. Answer: genetic makeup of an organism
◉ locus. Answer: Location of a gene on a chromosome
◉ Homozygous. Answer: An organism that has two identical alleles for
a trait
EXAM PREP TEST BANK 2026 FULL QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS
◉ Transcription results in. Answer: mRNA
◉ RNA polymerase makes. Answer: mRNA
◉ mRNA. Answer: makes proteins
◉ RNA polymerase. Answer: binds to DNA
◉ Transcription factors (TFs). Answer: A regulatory protein that binds to
DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. Can wither activate or
repress expression of genes
◉ Termination of transcription. Answer: RNA polymerase reaches a
terminator sequence (Stop codon) and detaches from the template
◉ Translation. Answer: Process by which mRNA is decoded and a
protein is produced. Protein assembly
,◉ Translation takes place in the. Answer: cytoplasm
◉ Codon. Answer: A specific sequence of three bases on a strand of
DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a amino acid
◉ Amino acids are. Answer: building blocks of proteins
◉ tRNA. Answer: An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter
between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino
acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
◉ Codons allow. Answer: for DNA and RNA to communicate
◉ Gene Regulation. Answer: the process of turning genes on and off
◉ Gene Regulation occurs. Answer: during transcription
◉ Transcription factors (TFs) determine. Answer: amount of protein
product made
◉ Nucleotide. Answer: DNA subunit; 1 DNA, 1 phosphate, 1
nitrogenous base
,◉ Mutation. Answer: permanent change in a DNA /RNA sequence that
affects genetic information
◉ germline mutation. Answer: happens in germ cells, inheritable, in all
cells
◉ somatic mutation. Answer: A mutation that occurs in the body cells
from spontaneous development. Cannot be inherited. Acquired
◉ causes of mutations. Answer: • Incorrect copying of the DNA
sequence/
Environmental
•Exposure
•Spontaneous
◉ silent mutation. Answer: alters a base but does not change the amino
acid
◉ DNA is. Answer: master blueprint for human being
◉ Gene. Answer: the basic unit of inheritance
, ◉ DNA makes. Answer: proteins
◉ Chromosomes. Answer: threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
◉ 23 pairs of. Answer: chromosomes
◉ Allele. Answer: variant of a gene
◉ A cell holds how many alleles of each gene?. Answer: 2, one from
mom and one from dad
◉ Phenotype. Answer: An organism's physical appearance, or visible
traits. Affected by environment
◉ Genotype. Answer: genetic makeup of an organism
◉ locus. Answer: Location of a gene on a chromosome
◉ Homozygous. Answer: An organism that has two identical alleles for
a trait
