BISC 101 TEST QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS.
Cytoskeleton
network of fibres that organize internal structure and activities in the cell
What do the connections between cells function in?
They coordinate cell activities
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
Prokaryote description
single, circular chromosome, plasmids, cell wall
Examples of eukaryotic cells
protists, fungi, plants, animals
List four reasons why eukaryotic cells have such complex compartmentalization
1. attachment of membrane bound proteins
2. incompatible reactions can be separated
3. division of labor
4. organelles transport is more rapid
Nucleus
eukaryotic cell's information storage and retrieval centre
,What does the nucleus contain?
chromosomes, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope
Chromosomes
DNA; carries genetic information
Chromatin
complex of DNA and proteins
-has several levels of organization (nucleosomes)
Histones
help DNA coil
Nucleolus
site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal sub units
Nuclear envelope
two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice like sheet called the nuclear lamina (double membrane)
nuclear pores
holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
-mRNA moves OUT; building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work the nucleus IN
endomembrane system
regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
-Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi body
, Rough ER
Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER
lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs, calcium storage
Golgi apparatus
receives, modifies, stores and ships proteins from ER
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes
make proteins that function in the cell
ER-attached ribosomes
make proteins for export in membrane bound vesicles (Secretion)
What does the movement of proteins require?
energy and needs to be tightly regulated
Mitochondria
sites of cellular respiration
-have a double membrane
-outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane is folded into cristae
Microtubules
SOLUTIONS.
Cytoskeleton
network of fibres that organize internal structure and activities in the cell
What do the connections between cells function in?
They coordinate cell activities
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have in common?
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, ribosomes
Prokaryote description
single, circular chromosome, plasmids, cell wall
Examples of eukaryotic cells
protists, fungi, plants, animals
List four reasons why eukaryotic cells have such complex compartmentalization
1. attachment of membrane bound proteins
2. incompatible reactions can be separated
3. division of labor
4. organelles transport is more rapid
Nucleus
eukaryotic cell's information storage and retrieval centre
,What does the nucleus contain?
chromosomes, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclear envelope
Chromosomes
DNA; carries genetic information
Chromatin
complex of DNA and proteins
-has several levels of organization (nucleosomes)
Histones
help DNA coil
Nucleolus
site of manufacture of rRNA and assembly of ribosomal sub units
Nuclear envelope
two lipid bilayers supported by a lattice like sheet called the nuclear lamina (double membrane)
nuclear pores
holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
-mRNA moves OUT; building blocks of DNA, rRNA and enzymes that work the nucleus IN
endomembrane system
regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions
-Rough ER, Smooth ER, Golgi body
, Rough ER
Protein synthesis and processing
Smooth ER
lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs, calcium storage
Golgi apparatus
receives, modifies, stores and ships proteins from ER
Ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
Free ribosomes
make proteins that function in the cell
ER-attached ribosomes
make proteins for export in membrane bound vesicles (Secretion)
What does the movement of proteins require?
energy and needs to be tightly regulated
Mitochondria
sites of cellular respiration
-have a double membrane
-outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane is folded into cristae
Microtubules
