HESI (Entrance Exam) Questions and
Answers
What are the most abundant elements of the human body? – answer Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
90% of the human body is composed of just four elements which are: - answer Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of
the element is called: - answer Atom
Subatomic particles are: - answer Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral) and Electrons
(negative)
All matter is composed of basic substances called – answer Elements
An atom that tells you how many protons an atom has is called: - answer Atomic
Number
The number of protons and neutrons is called: - answer Mass Number
What is isotope? – answer The same element but different number in protons and
neutrons-Mass Number (protons plus neutrons) minus Atomic Number (number of
protons) equals the number of neutrons.
What is radioactive isotope? – answer Atom whose nucleus undergoes degeneration
and in the process gives off radiation
What is a molecule? – answer Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit
What is a compound? – answer Combining different atoms
What is ionic bond? – answer Ions with opposite charges attract
What are ions? – answer Particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or
lost one or more electrons
What is a covalent bonds? – answer Atoms sharing electrons instead of losing or gain
them
What is polar bond? – answer Bond created when electrons shared by adjacent atoms
are shared unequally
,hydrophilic means – answer water-living
Hydrophobic means - answerwater-fearing
What is electrolyte? - answerSubstances that release ions when puts into water
What is pH? - answera measure of hydrogen ion concentration
Anterior position - answera body part is located towards the front (ventral)
Posterior position - answera body part is located toward the back. (dorsal)
Superior position - answera body part is located ABOVE another part or towards the
head
Anatomy - answerstructure as well as its relationship with other structure
Physiology - answerfunction of the body
Proximal - answera body part is CLOSER to a specific point of origin or attachment or
closer to the trunk of the body
Distal - answera body part is FARTHER from the specific point of the origin or
attachment
Superficial -external - answera body part is located near the surface
Deep (internal) - answera body part is located away from the surface
A sagittal plane (median) cuts the body - answerright down the middle
A frontal plane (coronal) is perpendicular (oppose) so it cuts the body - answerfrom ear
to ear, from shoulder to shoulder across
A transverse plane cuts the body - answerfrom the navel in half dividing the superior
from the inferior
A group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - answerTissue
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same
direction? Example: child birth - answerpositive feedback
The relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called -
answerhemostasis
,A group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - answertissue
A group of two or more types of tissues is a(n): - answerOrgan
Structures found WITHIN a cell that perform specific functions are: - answerOrganelles
Place the levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex -
answeratom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The mitochondrion is an example of a(an) - answerOrganelle
The nose is _______ to the chin - answerSuperior
The muscles are _____ to the skin - answerDeep
The sternum is anterior or ______ to the heart. - answerVentral
What is the scientific term for the mouth - answerOral
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides - answerSagittal
The plane that divides a body part into anterior and posterior sections is the ______
plane - answerFrontal (coronal) plane
The cavity that contains the pleural and abdominopelvic cavities is the ______ cavity -
answerAnterior (ventral)
The cavity that contains the pericardial and pleural cavities is the ______ cavity. -
answerVentral and thoracic
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the ______ cavity -
answerPosterior, dorsal cavity
The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the - answervisceral pleura
The serous membrane covering the heart is the - answerParietal pericardium
Which of the following is NOT found in the mediastinum? - answerLungs
The stomach would lie in the ______ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity -
answerUpper Left Quadrants
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the _________
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. - answerUpper Right
, Identify the organ system responsible for the production of blood cells - answerSkeletal
System
Identify the organ systems that function in integration and coordination - answerNervous
and endorine system
When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of
skin blood vessels. This type of response is called - answerNegative feedback
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same
direction? - answerPositive feedback
A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to
as - answerSystemic
The calf is _________ to the knee. - answerDistal-body is FARTHER from attachment
The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - answerfurther from the
midline
The little or "pinky" finger is _______to the thumb. - answermedial
The term sural refers to the: - answerCalf
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - answerSagittal
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the ______ cavity. -
answerposterior, dorsal, cavity
Identify the two primary cavities within the ventral cavity. - answerthoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the _________
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - answerUpper right
Plasma Membrane - answerouter surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules
(phospholipid bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows certain
molecules but others to enter the cell.
nucleus is - answera large, centrally located structure that contains the chromosomes
and is the control center
cytoplasm - answergelatinous like semi-fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton - answermaintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
Answers
What are the most abundant elements of the human body? – answer Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
90% of the human body is composed of just four elements which are: - answer Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
The smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of
the element is called: - answer Atom
Subatomic particles are: - answer Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral) and Electrons
(negative)
All matter is composed of basic substances called – answer Elements
An atom that tells you how many protons an atom has is called: - answer Atomic
Number
The number of protons and neutrons is called: - answer Mass Number
What is isotope? – answer The same element but different number in protons and
neutrons-Mass Number (protons plus neutrons) minus Atomic Number (number of
protons) equals the number of neutrons.
What is radioactive isotope? – answer Atom whose nucleus undergoes degeneration
and in the process gives off radiation
What is a molecule? – answer Atoms bonded together to form a chemical unit
What is a compound? – answer Combining different atoms
What is ionic bond? – answer Ions with opposite charges attract
What are ions? – answer Particle that is electrically charged because it has gained or
lost one or more electrons
What is a covalent bonds? – answer Atoms sharing electrons instead of losing or gain
them
What is polar bond? – answer Bond created when electrons shared by adjacent atoms
are shared unequally
,hydrophilic means – answer water-living
Hydrophobic means - answerwater-fearing
What is electrolyte? - answerSubstances that release ions when puts into water
What is pH? - answera measure of hydrogen ion concentration
Anterior position - answera body part is located towards the front (ventral)
Posterior position - answera body part is located toward the back. (dorsal)
Superior position - answera body part is located ABOVE another part or towards the
head
Anatomy - answerstructure as well as its relationship with other structure
Physiology - answerfunction of the body
Proximal - answera body part is CLOSER to a specific point of origin or attachment or
closer to the trunk of the body
Distal - answera body part is FARTHER from the specific point of the origin or
attachment
Superficial -external - answera body part is located near the surface
Deep (internal) - answera body part is located away from the surface
A sagittal plane (median) cuts the body - answerright down the middle
A frontal plane (coronal) is perpendicular (oppose) so it cuts the body - answerfrom ear
to ear, from shoulder to shoulder across
A transverse plane cuts the body - answerfrom the navel in half dividing the superior
from the inferior
A group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - answerTissue
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same
direction? Example: child birth - answerpositive feedback
The relative consistency of the body's internal environment is called -
answerhemostasis
,A group of similar types of cells that performs a specific function is a(n): - answertissue
A group of two or more types of tissues is a(n): - answerOrgan
Structures found WITHIN a cell that perform specific functions are: - answerOrganelles
Place the levels of organization in order from least complex to most complex -
answeratom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
The mitochondrion is an example of a(an) - answerOrganelle
The nose is _______ to the chin - answerSuperior
The muscles are _____ to the skin - answerDeep
The sternum is anterior or ______ to the heart. - answerVentral
What is the scientific term for the mouth - answerOral
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides - answerSagittal
The plane that divides a body part into anterior and posterior sections is the ______
plane - answerFrontal (coronal) plane
The cavity that contains the pleural and abdominopelvic cavities is the ______ cavity -
answerAnterior (ventral)
The cavity that contains the pericardial and pleural cavities is the ______ cavity. -
answerVentral and thoracic
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the ______ cavity -
answerPosterior, dorsal cavity
The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity is the - answervisceral pleura
The serous membrane covering the heart is the - answerParietal pericardium
Which of the following is NOT found in the mediastinum? - answerLungs
The stomach would lie in the ______ quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity -
answerUpper Left Quadrants
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the _________
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity. - answerUpper Right
, Identify the organ system responsible for the production of blood cells - answerSkeletal
System
Identify the organ systems that function in integration and coordination - answerNervous
and endorine system
When body temperature rises, the body responds by causing sweating and dilation of
skin blood vessels. This type of response is called - answerNegative feedback
What is the mechanism called which brings about an increasing change in the same
direction? - answerPositive feedback
A disease that affects the entire body or involves several organ systems is refereed to
as - answerSystemic
The calf is _________ to the knee. - answerDistal-body is FARTHER from attachment
The directional term lateral describes a structure that is: - answerfurther from the
midline
The little or "pinky" finger is _______to the thumb. - answermedial
The term sural refers to the: - answerCalf
Identify the plane that would divide the body into left and right sides. - answerSagittal
The vertebral canal and cranial cavity is located within the ______ cavity. -
answerposterior, dorsal, cavity
Identify the two primary cavities within the ventral cavity. - answerthoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Emily needs to have her gall bladder removed. Her incision would be in the _________
quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity - answerUpper right
Plasma Membrane - answerouter surface that regulates entrance and exit of molecules
(phospholipid bilayer that said to be semipermeable) because it allows certain
molecules but others to enter the cell.
nucleus is - answera large, centrally located structure that contains the chromosomes
and is the control center
cytoplasm - answergelatinous like semi-fluid that is between the nucleus and plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton - answermaintains cell shape and assists movement of cell parts
