GISP Study
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7j5kmz
1. Georeferencing 101- associating a map or image with spatial location
2. control points 101- points come in pairs that match the spatial location with a point on an
unreferenced image or map
3. Spatial Reference 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used to location geo-
Systems (SRS) graphical entities (aka Coordinate Reference System (CRS))
4. Coordinate Ref- 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used to location geo-
erence System graphical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems (SRS))
(CRS)
5. International Ter- 101- a three-dimensional coordinate system with a well-defined origin (the center
restrial Refer- of mass of the Earth) and three orthogonal coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
ence System
(ITRS)
6. Map projection 101- transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth) to a flat map
7. Horizontal da- 101- model of the earth as a spheroid (2 components, reference ellipsoid and a
tum set of survey points both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative to the
earth)
8. Vertical Datum 101- reference point for measuring elevations
9. NAVD88 101- Gravity based geodetic datum in North America
10. WGS 84 (World 101- reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning System (GPS)
Geodetic System)
11. SRID integer 101- Spatial reference system id numbers, including EPSG codes defined by the
International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
12. 101- Distance, Direction, Shape, Area (sometimes bearing and scale)
, GISP Study
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7j5kmz
types of distor-
tion
13. Mercator Projec- 101- preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted
tion- distortions
14. Mercator Projec- 101- projecting the Earth onto a cylinder tangent to a meridian
tion
15. Azimuthal Pro- 101- distance from center is true, other properties distort with distance
jection- distor-
tions
16. Azimuthal Pro- 101- planar or tangent (meaning they are formed when a flat piece of paper is
jection placed on top of the globe and a light source projects the surrounding areas on
to a map.) Either the North Pole or the South pole is orientated at the center of
the map, giving the viewer an impression of looking up or down at Earth.
17. Cylindrical Pro- 101- preserve area and shape, distance gets distorted, especially on upper and
jection- distor- lower regions of the map
tions
18. Cylindrical Pro- 101- 2 types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)
jection Straight meridians and parallels
meridians are equally spaced while parallels are not
19. Conical Projec- 101- preserves direction and area in limited areas, distorts distance and scale
tion- distortions except along standard parallels
20. Conic Projections 101- mapped to equally spaced lines by projecting a spherical surface onto a cone
21. Choosing a Pro- 101- use conical projection
jection- Low LAT-
, GISP Study
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ITUDE, (near
Equator)
22. Choosing a Pro- 101- use azimuthal planar projections
jection- High LAT-
ITUDE, Polar Re-
gions
23. Choosing a Pro- 101- use conical projection
jection- EXTENT,
broad East-West
(e.g. USA)
24. Choosing a 101- use transverse-case cylindrical projection
Projection- EX-
TENT, broad
North-South (e.g.
Africa)
25. Choosing a Pro- 101- use an equal-area projection
jection- THEMAT-
IC, analysis that
compares differ-
ent values in dif-
ferent locations
26. Discrete features 102- feature has a definable boundary (think, "vector")
27. continuous phe- 102- each location is a measure of something, often temperature or elevation
nomena (think "raster", but not always)
28. Geoid 103- the shape that the surface of the oceans would take under the influence of
Earth's gravitation and rotation alone (absent of the influence of wind or tide)
, GISP Study
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29. Mean Sea Level 103- is determined by referencing the geoid model which registers ocean's water
(MSL) level at coastal places using tide gauges
30. Reference Ellip- 103- is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid (a truer
soid model of shape that geoid)
31. oblate ellipsoid 103- fits the geiod model to a first order approximation
formed when an ellipse is rotated about its minor axis (The shape of the Earth,
slightly bulging at the Equator.)
32. sphere 103- can be seen from dimensions of the Earth ellipsoid
the semi-major axis (a) and semi-minor axis (b) differ by little more than 21
kilometers
33. first (direct) geo- 103- Given a point (coordinates) and direction (azimuth) and distance from that
detic problem point to a second point, determine the coordinates of a second point
Be prepared for Word Problems like this one
34. Second (inverse) 103- given two points, determine the azimuth and length of the line that connects
geodetic prob- them (line may be straight, arc, or geodesic)
lem Be prepared for Word Problems like this one
35. Geomatics 104- branch of science (and technology) of collection, analysis, interpretation of
geographic information
(includes surveying, mapping, remote sensing, GIS, GPS)
36. GPS (global posi- 104- A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through
tioning system) a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
37. Spatial Modeling 201- A methodology or set of analytical procedures used to derive information
about spatial relationships between geographic phenomena.
38. Types of spatial 201-
models Vector
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7j5kmz
1. Georeferencing 101- associating a map or image with spatial location
2. control points 101- points come in pairs that match the spatial location with a point on an
unreferenced image or map
3. Spatial Reference 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used to location geo-
Systems (SRS) graphical entities (aka Coordinate Reference System (CRS))
4. Coordinate Ref- 101- coordinate based local, regional, or global system used to location geo-
erence System graphical entities (aka Spatial Reference Systems (SRS))
(CRS)
5. International Ter- 101- a three-dimensional coordinate system with a well-defined origin (the center
restrial Refer- of mass of the Earth) and three orthogonal coordinate axes (X,Y,Z)
ence System
(ITRS)
6. Map projection 101- transforming coordinated from a curved surface (Earth) to a flat map
7. Horizontal da- 101- model of the earth as a spheroid (2 components, reference ellipsoid and a
tum set of survey points both the shape of the spheroid and its position relative to the
earth)
8. Vertical Datum 101- reference point for measuring elevations
9. NAVD88 101- Gravity based geodetic datum in North America
10. WGS 84 (World 101- reference coordinate system used by the Global Positioning System (GPS)
Geodetic System)
11. SRID integer 101- Spatial reference system id numbers, including EPSG codes defined by the
International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
12. 101- Distance, Direction, Shape, Area (sometimes bearing and scale)
, GISP Study
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7j5kmz
types of distor-
tion
13. Mercator Projec- 101- preserves shape and direction, area gets distorted
tion- distortions
14. Mercator Projec- 101- projecting the Earth onto a cylinder tangent to a meridian
tion
15. Azimuthal Pro- 101- distance from center is true, other properties distort with distance
jection- distor-
tions
16. Azimuthal Pro- 101- planar or tangent (meaning they are formed when a flat piece of paper is
jection placed on top of the globe and a light source projects the surrounding areas on
to a map.) Either the North Pole or the South pole is orientated at the center of
the map, giving the viewer an impression of looking up or down at Earth.
17. Cylindrical Pro- 101- preserve area and shape, distance gets distorted, especially on upper and
jection- distor- lower regions of the map
tions
18. Cylindrical Pro- 101- 2 types Tangent (1 intersect) and Secant (2 intersects)
jection Straight meridians and parallels
meridians are equally spaced while parallels are not
19. Conical Projec- 101- preserves direction and area in limited areas, distorts distance and scale
tion- distortions except along standard parallels
20. Conic Projections 101- mapped to equally spaced lines by projecting a spherical surface onto a cone
21. Choosing a Pro- 101- use conical projection
jection- Low LAT-
, GISP Study
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7j5kmz
ITUDE, (near
Equator)
22. Choosing a Pro- 101- use azimuthal planar projections
jection- High LAT-
ITUDE, Polar Re-
gions
23. Choosing a Pro- 101- use conical projection
jection- EXTENT,
broad East-West
(e.g. USA)
24. Choosing a 101- use transverse-case cylindrical projection
Projection- EX-
TENT, broad
North-South (e.g.
Africa)
25. Choosing a Pro- 101- use an equal-area projection
jection- THEMAT-
IC, analysis that
compares differ-
ent values in dif-
ferent locations
26. Discrete features 102- feature has a definable boundary (think, "vector")
27. continuous phe- 102- each location is a measure of something, often temperature or elevation
nomena (think "raster", but not always)
28. Geoid 103- the shape that the surface of the oceans would take under the influence of
Earth's gravitation and rotation alone (absent of the influence of wind or tide)
, GISP Study
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7j5kmz
29. Mean Sea Level 103- is determined by referencing the geoid model which registers ocean's water
(MSL) level at coastal places using tide gauges
30. Reference Ellip- 103- is a mathematically defined surface that approximates the geoid (a truer
soid model of shape that geoid)
31. oblate ellipsoid 103- fits the geiod model to a first order approximation
formed when an ellipse is rotated about its minor axis (The shape of the Earth,
slightly bulging at the Equator.)
32. sphere 103- can be seen from dimensions of the Earth ellipsoid
the semi-major axis (a) and semi-minor axis (b) differ by little more than 21
kilometers
33. first (direct) geo- 103- Given a point (coordinates) and direction (azimuth) and distance from that
detic problem point to a second point, determine the coordinates of a second point
Be prepared for Word Problems like this one
34. Second (inverse) 103- given two points, determine the azimuth and length of the line that connects
geodetic prob- them (line may be straight, arc, or geodesic)
lem Be prepared for Word Problems like this one
35. Geomatics 104- branch of science (and technology) of collection, analysis, interpretation of
geographic information
(includes surveying, mapping, remote sensing, GIS, GPS)
36. GPS (global posi- 104- A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through
tioning system) a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
37. Spatial Modeling 201- A methodology or set of analytical procedures used to derive information
about spatial relationships between geographic phenomena.
38. Types of spatial 201-
models Vector
