NUR 212 Exam 1 2026 Questions and
Answers
WBC count - Correct answer-5,000-10,000
Platelet count - Correct answer-150,000-400,000
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - Correct answer-12-18
Which age group is cancer most common? - Correct answer-over 55 yrs old
Is cancer on the rise or declining overall? - Correct answer-declining
Which kinds of cancers are on the rise? - Correct answer-kidney, thyroid, pancreas,
liver, uterus, skin melanoma, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodkin's lymphoma
Is cancer higher in men or women? - Correct answer-men
What is the leading cause of cancer in men? - Correct answer-prostate cancer
What is the leading cause of cancer in women? - Correct answer-breast cancer
What is the generation time of the cell? - Correct answer-The time from when a
cell enters the cell cycle to when the cell divides into two identical cells
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What is cell proliferation? - Correct answer-process by which cells divide and
reproduce
protooncogenes - Correct answer-Normal cellular genes that regulate cell
proliferation and differentiation that can become oncogenes.
oncogenes - Correct answer-cancer causing genes
tumor suppressor genes - Correct answer-function to regulate cell growth. suppress
mutated cells
When tumor suppressor genes mutate it decreases what? - Correct answer-our
protection against cancer
Examples of tumor suppressor genes - Correct answer-BRCA1 and BRCA2
when these genes are mutated it increases a patient's risk for developing breast
cancer
Initiation stage of cancer - Correct answer-Mutation: genetic environmental
(chemical, radiation, viral)
Now the cell is susceptible to effects of promoters
This is not cancer yet
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Promotion stage of cancer - Correct answer-If cells are promoted to 1 cm size
diseases become clinically evident
Modifying promoting factors can decrease the chances of development
Progression stage of cancer - Correct answer-Increased growth rate of tumor,
increased invasiveness, and metastasis
What is the basic role of the immune system in cancer? - Correct answer-
Lymphocyctes continuously check cell surface for antigens and tag them
T-Killer cells destroy (cytotoxic) tagged cells
Specific T-killer cells can directly lyse tumor cells without prior identification or
tagging: Interferon, Interleukin
What are specific T-killer cells that can directly lyse tumor cells without prior
identification or tagging? - Correct answer-Interferon, Interleukin
Characteristics of benign neoplasm? - Correct answer-Slow Growth
Encapsulated
Non-Invasive
Well Differentiated (conforming)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Low mitotic rate
Do NOT Metastasize
Characteristics of malignant neoplasm? - Correct answer-Rapid growth
Non-encapsulated
Invade local structures and tissues
Poorly differentiated
High mitotic rate
Metastasize
Primary Tumor (T) Classification - Correct answer-T0 No evidence of primary
tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
T1-4 Ascending degrees of increase in tumor size and involvement
Tx Tumor is unstageable
Regional lymph nodes (N) Classification - Correct answer-N0 No evidence of
disease in lymph nodes
N1-4 Ascending degrees of nodal involvement
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Answers
WBC count - Correct answer-5,000-10,000
Platelet count - Correct answer-150,000-400,000
Hemoglobin (Hgb) - Correct answer-12-18
Which age group is cancer most common? - Correct answer-over 55 yrs old
Is cancer on the rise or declining overall? - Correct answer-declining
Which kinds of cancers are on the rise? - Correct answer-kidney, thyroid, pancreas,
liver, uterus, skin melanoma, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodkin's lymphoma
Is cancer higher in men or women? - Correct answer-men
What is the leading cause of cancer in men? - Correct answer-prostate cancer
What is the leading cause of cancer in women? - Correct answer-breast cancer
What is the generation time of the cell? - Correct answer-The time from when a
cell enters the cell cycle to when the cell divides into two identical cells
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,What is cell proliferation? - Correct answer-process by which cells divide and
reproduce
protooncogenes - Correct answer-Normal cellular genes that regulate cell
proliferation and differentiation that can become oncogenes.
oncogenes - Correct answer-cancer causing genes
tumor suppressor genes - Correct answer-function to regulate cell growth. suppress
mutated cells
When tumor suppressor genes mutate it decreases what? - Correct answer-our
protection against cancer
Examples of tumor suppressor genes - Correct answer-BRCA1 and BRCA2
when these genes are mutated it increases a patient's risk for developing breast
cancer
Initiation stage of cancer - Correct answer-Mutation: genetic environmental
(chemical, radiation, viral)
Now the cell is susceptible to effects of promoters
This is not cancer yet
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Promotion stage of cancer - Correct answer-If cells are promoted to 1 cm size
diseases become clinically evident
Modifying promoting factors can decrease the chances of development
Progression stage of cancer - Correct answer-Increased growth rate of tumor,
increased invasiveness, and metastasis
What is the basic role of the immune system in cancer? - Correct answer-
Lymphocyctes continuously check cell surface for antigens and tag them
T-Killer cells destroy (cytotoxic) tagged cells
Specific T-killer cells can directly lyse tumor cells without prior identification or
tagging: Interferon, Interleukin
What are specific T-killer cells that can directly lyse tumor cells without prior
identification or tagging? - Correct answer-Interferon, Interleukin
Characteristics of benign neoplasm? - Correct answer-Slow Growth
Encapsulated
Non-Invasive
Well Differentiated (conforming)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Low mitotic rate
Do NOT Metastasize
Characteristics of malignant neoplasm? - Correct answer-Rapid growth
Non-encapsulated
Invade local structures and tissues
Poorly differentiated
High mitotic rate
Metastasize
Primary Tumor (T) Classification - Correct answer-T0 No evidence of primary
tumor
Tis Carcinoma in situ
T1-4 Ascending degrees of increase in tumor size and involvement
Tx Tumor is unstageable
Regional lymph nodes (N) Classification - Correct answer-N0 No evidence of
disease in lymph nodes
N1-4 Ascending degrees of nodal involvement
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
