NUR 670 Exam 1 with accurate detailed answers ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Biomedical Model - correct answer✔✔symptoms are the result of tissue pathology ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
organic explanation for all symptoms
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
reasonably proportionate about pain or dysfunction relative to tissue pathology ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Biopsychosocial Model - correct answer✔✔integration of biological, social, and ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
psychological
abnormalities caused by interaction of these factors, no one cause ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
relative importance of each factor depends on the individual and their environment
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
System 1 - correct answer✔✔fast, reflexive, automatic thought
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
dont require much conscious thought
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
ex: driving a car
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
System 2 - correct answer✔✔active and deliberate thought
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
advanced cognitive processes ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
thoughtful planning and consideration of the evidence to develop differentials and define
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
treatment options ||\\|//||
Heuristics - correct answer✔✔common thinking patterns that we can use to understand
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
complex scenarios ||\\|//||
Confirmation Bias - correct answer✔✔the tendency to attend to and collect data that ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
confirms existing hypothesis ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,looking for clues that support the diagnosis rather than working the outliers into the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
diagnosis
Availability - correct answer✔✔jumping to a diagnosis or treatment plan that comes to ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
mind quickly because it is common, serious, recently encountered, or otherwise
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
noteworthy
Framing or Priming - correct answer✔✔prior information or the way the story is framed,
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
whom it came from and where the patient is seen influences diagnostic conclusions
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Premature Closure or Stickiness - correct answer✔✔the tendency to call off a search once ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
something is found or where initial impressions and hypotheses are not revised in the face ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
of subsequent non-supporting information (anchoring)
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Fundamental Attribution Error - correct answer✔✔the tendency to judge or blame ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
patients for their illnesses (dispositional causes) rather than examine the circumstances
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(situational factors) that might have been responsible ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(representativeness)
Base-Rate Neglect - correct answer✔✔tendency to ignore the true prevalence of a disease,||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
either inflating or reducing its base rate
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Strategies to Avoid Cognitive Errors - correct answer✔✔checklists ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
metacognitive skills ||\\|//||
cognitive forcing strategies ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
reflective practice ||\\|//||
Checklists - correct answer✔✔obtain your own medical history ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
, focused and purposeful physical exam ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
preliminary hypothesis ||\\|//||
differential diagnosis ||\\|//||
reflect on heuristics ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
embark on treatment plan ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Metacognitive Skills - correct answer✔✔examine our own thinking process ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
separate, observe, and recognize ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
critical thinking, planning, goal setting, self-assessment, reflection
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Cognitive Forcing Strategies - correct answer✔✔discrete and in the moment ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
employed during pt interactions ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
force consideration of diagnostic alternatives and new ideas
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
conducting secondary search once a positive finding has been made ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Reflective Practice - correct answer✔✔narrative practice ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
helps us understand why we made one decision over another
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(LEaP)
Learning from your Experiences as a Professional (LEaP) - correct answer✔✔5 step
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
process of reflection ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
used to analyze an experience
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
identify learning priorities ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
prompt plans for future action when a similar circumstance presents itself
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Biomedical Model - correct answer✔✔symptoms are the result of tissue pathology ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
organic explanation for all symptoms
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
reasonably proportionate about pain or dysfunction relative to tissue pathology ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Biopsychosocial Model - correct answer✔✔integration of biological, social, and ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
psychological
abnormalities caused by interaction of these factors, no one cause ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
relative importance of each factor depends on the individual and their environment
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
System 1 - correct answer✔✔fast, reflexive, automatic thought
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
dont require much conscious thought
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
ex: driving a car
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
System 2 - correct answer✔✔active and deliberate thought
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
advanced cognitive processes ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
thoughtful planning and consideration of the evidence to develop differentials and define
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
treatment options ||\\|//||
Heuristics - correct answer✔✔common thinking patterns that we can use to understand
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
complex scenarios ||\\|//||
Confirmation Bias - correct answer✔✔the tendency to attend to and collect data that ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
confirms existing hypothesis ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
,looking for clues that support the diagnosis rather than working the outliers into the
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
diagnosis
Availability - correct answer✔✔jumping to a diagnosis or treatment plan that comes to ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
mind quickly because it is common, serious, recently encountered, or otherwise
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
noteworthy
Framing or Priming - correct answer✔✔prior information or the way the story is framed,
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
whom it came from and where the patient is seen influences diagnostic conclusions
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Premature Closure or Stickiness - correct answer✔✔the tendency to call off a search once ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
something is found or where initial impressions and hypotheses are not revised in the face ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
of subsequent non-supporting information (anchoring)
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Fundamental Attribution Error - correct answer✔✔the tendency to judge or blame ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
patients for their illnesses (dispositional causes) rather than examine the circumstances
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(situational factors) that might have been responsible ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(representativeness)
Base-Rate Neglect - correct answer✔✔tendency to ignore the true prevalence of a disease,||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
either inflating or reducing its base rate
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Strategies to Avoid Cognitive Errors - correct answer✔✔checklists ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
metacognitive skills ||\\|//||
cognitive forcing strategies ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
reflective practice ||\\|//||
Checklists - correct answer✔✔obtain your own medical history ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
, focused and purposeful physical exam ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
preliminary hypothesis ||\\|//||
differential diagnosis ||\\|//||
reflect on heuristics ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
embark on treatment plan ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Metacognitive Skills - correct answer✔✔examine our own thinking process ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
separate, observe, and recognize ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
critical thinking, planning, goal setting, self-assessment, reflection
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Cognitive Forcing Strategies - correct answer✔✔discrete and in the moment ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
employed during pt interactions ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
force consideration of diagnostic alternatives and new ideas
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
conducting secondary search once a positive finding has been made ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
Reflective Practice - correct answer✔✔narrative practice ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
helps us understand why we made one decision over another
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
(LEaP)
Learning from your Experiences as a Professional (LEaP) - correct answer✔✔5 step
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
process of reflection ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
used to analyze an experience
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
identify learning priorities ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
prompt plans for future action when a similar circumstance presents itself
||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||
