NUR 303 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions With Complete
Solutions
2) mineralocorticoids: aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
correct answers -sodium and water retention
-increase vascular volume
-promotes potassium excretion through kidneys
goal: maintain blood volume
5 classes of antibodies correct answers produced by plasma
cells
neutralize bacterial toxins
attack viruses
promote phagocytosis
activate the immune system
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
characterized by antigenic, structural and function differences
acquired immunity correct answers immunity that is obtained
through humoral system
active acquired adaptive immunity
passive acquired adaptive immunity
,active acquired adaptive immunity correct answers long lasting
immunity
exposure to antigen via illness/memory by B and T lymphocytes
immunization for rubella or polio memory
active transport correct answers takes sodium out of cell
acute inflammation correct answers occurs rapidly, rids the
body of offending agent
GOAL:
-wall off the are of injury
- prevent spread
- bring the body's defenses to the affected area
acute stressors correct answers -infection
-pain
-heat, cold
-malnutrition
-inherent environmental danger (disasters)
-trauma
-illness
-psychological stress (i.e. public speaking, personal life changes)
Adaptation correct answers alterations in cells that help
maintain a steady state despite adverse conditions
,adaptive immunity activation correct answers activated after
exposure to antigens
adaptive immunity correct answers third line of defense
-specific immune responses
Aldosterone: released by _____ correct answers cortex
Allostasis correct answers dynamic state of balance according
to exposure to stressors to create new "-set-points"
allostatic load correct answers wear and tear on body systems
individually influenced
overload: pathologies develop
alterations in immunity correct answers hypersensitivity,
autoimmune, immunodeficiency
Antigens are correct answers a foreign molecule that can
stimulate a specific immune response against itself or its carrier
cell
binds with antibodies, receptors on T and B cells
not all antigens are immunogens
apoptosis correct answers "programmed suicide" - normal
process of cell replacement and development
, balance between death and regeneration
cascade of event to eliminate unwanted cell proliferation
(eliminates aging or injured cells)
cell condense and shrink and are engulfed by neighboring cells
arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis leads to the vessels... correct
answers inability to dilate or react to an increase in oxygen
demands
at what rate do benign tumors grow? correct answers slow
Atrophy correct answers decrease in cell size
autoimmune correct answers mistakes self as non self
autoimmune disorders correct answers immune system (T cells
and Igs losses the ability to recognize host
defenses are directed against host
can affect any tissue
mechanism that triggers this response is not clear
Known characteristics:
-genetics play a role
-more prevalent in females
-onset is frequently associated with an abnormal stressor, either
physical or psychological
Solutions
2) mineralocorticoids: aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
correct answers -sodium and water retention
-increase vascular volume
-promotes potassium excretion through kidneys
goal: maintain blood volume
5 classes of antibodies correct answers produced by plasma
cells
neutralize bacterial toxins
attack viruses
promote phagocytosis
activate the immune system
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
characterized by antigenic, structural and function differences
acquired immunity correct answers immunity that is obtained
through humoral system
active acquired adaptive immunity
passive acquired adaptive immunity
,active acquired adaptive immunity correct answers long lasting
immunity
exposure to antigen via illness/memory by B and T lymphocytes
immunization for rubella or polio memory
active transport correct answers takes sodium out of cell
acute inflammation correct answers occurs rapidly, rids the
body of offending agent
GOAL:
-wall off the are of injury
- prevent spread
- bring the body's defenses to the affected area
acute stressors correct answers -infection
-pain
-heat, cold
-malnutrition
-inherent environmental danger (disasters)
-trauma
-illness
-psychological stress (i.e. public speaking, personal life changes)
Adaptation correct answers alterations in cells that help
maintain a steady state despite adverse conditions
,adaptive immunity activation correct answers activated after
exposure to antigens
adaptive immunity correct answers third line of defense
-specific immune responses
Aldosterone: released by _____ correct answers cortex
Allostasis correct answers dynamic state of balance according
to exposure to stressors to create new "-set-points"
allostatic load correct answers wear and tear on body systems
individually influenced
overload: pathologies develop
alterations in immunity correct answers hypersensitivity,
autoimmune, immunodeficiency
Antigens are correct answers a foreign molecule that can
stimulate a specific immune response against itself or its carrier
cell
binds with antibodies, receptors on T and B cells
not all antigens are immunogens
apoptosis correct answers "programmed suicide" - normal
process of cell replacement and development
, balance between death and regeneration
cascade of event to eliminate unwanted cell proliferation
(eliminates aging or injured cells)
cell condense and shrink and are engulfed by neighboring cells
arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis leads to the vessels... correct
answers inability to dilate or react to an increase in oxygen
demands
at what rate do benign tumors grow? correct answers slow
Atrophy correct answers decrease in cell size
autoimmune correct answers mistakes self as non self
autoimmune disorders correct answers immune system (T cells
and Igs losses the ability to recognize host
defenses are directed against host
can affect any tissue
mechanism that triggers this response is not clear
Known characteristics:
-genetics play a role
-more prevalent in females
-onset is frequently associated with an abnormal stressor, either
physical or psychological
