*PHARMACOLOGY* NURS 303 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Acetylcholinesteriase (AchE) Inhibitors correct answers
•Prevent breakdown of acetylcholine
•Only slows progression
•Examples
- Donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)
- Galantamine (Razadyne, Reminyl)
- Rivastigmine tartrate (Exelon)
- Tacrine (Cognex)
•Mechanism of action: prevent breakdown of acetylcholine;
enhance transmission in neurons
•Primary use: slow progression of the disease
•Adverse effects: nausea/vomiting, dizziness and headache,
bronchoconstriction, liver injury
•Take with food to avoid GI upset
•Take as prescribed
•Teach signs and symptoms of overdose
- Severe nausea/vomiting, sweating, salivation, hypotension
- Bradycardia, convulsions, increased muscle weakness
(including respiratory muscles)
•Assess baseline vital signs •Monitor for hypotension •Monitor
for change in mental status or mood •Monitor for dizziness,
insomnia, anorexia
Adergenic receptor response (alpha 1) correct answers -
Vasoconstriction (blood vessels)
- glycogenolysis (also controlled by beta 2)- liver
,- decreased motility (also controlled by beta 2)- muscle
- constriction (bladder sphincter)
- ejaculation
- uterus contraction
- pupil dilation
Adergenic receptor response (beta 1) correct answers -
increased contractility (cardiac muscle)
- inc HR of AV node and SA node
Adergenic receptor response (beta 2) correct answers - blood
vessel vasodilation
- glycogenolysis of liver (also controlled by alpha 1)
- decreased muscle motility (also controlled by alpha 1)
- genitourinary relaxation
- bronchial muscle dilation
Adrenergic agents (sympathomimetics) correct answers
•Mechanism of action: stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
directly/indirectly
•Primary use: depends on the receptor activated
•Adverse effects: tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, CNS
excitation and seizures, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting,
anorexia
EXAMPLES
•dobutamine •ephedrine •fenoldopam •midodrine •dopamine
•epinephrine •phenylephrine •norepinephrine
Sympathomimetics (receptor specific)
- Alpha1-receptors: nasal congestion, hypotension,
dilation of pupils for eye examination
, - Alpha2-receptors: hypertension
- Beta1-receptors: cardiac arrest, heart failure,
shock
- Beta2-receptors: asthma, and premature-labor contractions
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- Monitor vital signs, urinary and cardiac output as appropriate
- Monitor breathing patterns
- Observe client's responsiveness to light
Adrenergic-Blocker Examples correct answers • Alpha blockers
phenoxybenzamine HCl, phentolamine, prazosin, terazosin,
alfuzosin, tamsulosin
• Beta blockers
atenolol, carvedilol, esmolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol,
sotalo
Adrenergic-blocking agents correct answers •Mechanism of
action: inhibit the sympathetic nervous system
•Primary use: hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, heart failure,
benign prostatic hypertrophy, narrow-angle glaucoma
•Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, loss of
energy and strength, palpitations, dry mouth
•Primary use of beta-blockers is in the treatment of hypertension
•Beta-adrenergic antagonists have several other important
therapeutic applications
1 Angina 2 Migraines 3 Heart failure
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- Monitor urinary hesitancy, incomplete bladder emptying,
interrupted urinary stream
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Acetylcholinesteriase (AchE) Inhibitors correct answers
•Prevent breakdown of acetylcholine
•Only slows progression
•Examples
- Donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)
- Galantamine (Razadyne, Reminyl)
- Rivastigmine tartrate (Exelon)
- Tacrine (Cognex)
•Mechanism of action: prevent breakdown of acetylcholine;
enhance transmission in neurons
•Primary use: slow progression of the disease
•Adverse effects: nausea/vomiting, dizziness and headache,
bronchoconstriction, liver injury
•Take with food to avoid GI upset
•Take as prescribed
•Teach signs and symptoms of overdose
- Severe nausea/vomiting, sweating, salivation, hypotension
- Bradycardia, convulsions, increased muscle weakness
(including respiratory muscles)
•Assess baseline vital signs •Monitor for hypotension •Monitor
for change in mental status or mood •Monitor for dizziness,
insomnia, anorexia
Adergenic receptor response (alpha 1) correct answers -
Vasoconstriction (blood vessels)
- glycogenolysis (also controlled by beta 2)- liver
,- decreased motility (also controlled by beta 2)- muscle
- constriction (bladder sphincter)
- ejaculation
- uterus contraction
- pupil dilation
Adergenic receptor response (beta 1) correct answers -
increased contractility (cardiac muscle)
- inc HR of AV node and SA node
Adergenic receptor response (beta 2) correct answers - blood
vessel vasodilation
- glycogenolysis of liver (also controlled by alpha 1)
- decreased muscle motility (also controlled by alpha 1)
- genitourinary relaxation
- bronchial muscle dilation
Adrenergic agents (sympathomimetics) correct answers
•Mechanism of action: stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
directly/indirectly
•Primary use: depends on the receptor activated
•Adverse effects: tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, CNS
excitation and seizures, dry mouth, nausea and vomiting,
anorexia
EXAMPLES
•dobutamine •ephedrine •fenoldopam •midodrine •dopamine
•epinephrine •phenylephrine •norepinephrine
Sympathomimetics (receptor specific)
- Alpha1-receptors: nasal congestion, hypotension,
dilation of pupils for eye examination
, - Alpha2-receptors: hypertension
- Beta1-receptors: cardiac arrest, heart failure,
shock
- Beta2-receptors: asthma, and premature-labor contractions
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- Monitor vital signs, urinary and cardiac output as appropriate
- Monitor breathing patterns
- Observe client's responsiveness to light
Adrenergic-Blocker Examples correct answers • Alpha blockers
phenoxybenzamine HCl, phentolamine, prazosin, terazosin,
alfuzosin, tamsulosin
• Beta blockers
atenolol, carvedilol, esmolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol,
sotalo
Adrenergic-blocking agents correct answers •Mechanism of
action: inhibit the sympathetic nervous system
•Primary use: hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, heart failure,
benign prostatic hypertrophy, narrow-angle glaucoma
•Adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, headache, loss of
energy and strength, palpitations, dry mouth
•Primary use of beta-blockers is in the treatment of hypertension
•Beta-adrenergic antagonists have several other important
therapeutic applications
1 Angina 2 Migraines 3 Heart failure
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
- Monitor urinary hesitancy, incomplete bladder emptying,
interrupted urinary stream
