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Exam (elaborations) pathophysiology

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These are complete and exam-focused notes for Module 4: Disorders of the Cardiovascular System in Pathophysiology. They summarize everything you need to know for quizzes, problem sets, and exams, including: Cardiovascular physiology review and blood functions Hematologic disorders Principles of blood flow and hemodynamics Disorders of systemic arterial blood flow (hypertension, atherosclerosis, aneurysms) Disorders of cardiac function (heart failure, ischemia, arrhythmias, valvular disease) Each topic is broken down with etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, complications, and diagnostics, making it easy to study and remember for exams. Perfect for students in Portage Learning Pathophysiology or any nursing and health sciences course looking for a clear, reliable, and exam-ready study guide.

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Institution
Pathophysiology
Course
Pathophysiology

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Patho exam 4 - carefully curated, thorough study materials


pathophysiology (Portage Learning Online)




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Question 1
The coagulation cascade involves each of the following except:
Make thrombocytes
Activate the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
Convert fibrinogen to fibrin
Convert prothrombin to thrombin


Which of the following increases the chance of clotting? Select all that
apply.
Vitamin K deficiency
Von Willebrand factor deficiency
Protein C deficiency
Thrombocytopenia- platelet number, of less than 150,000/µL, -cytocsis >450k


The three stages of homeostasis include each of the following except
Vascular constriction
Vascular dilation
Formation of platelet plug
Blood Coagulation


Question 2
Which of the following medications would decrease a person’s risk for
clotting? Select all that apply.
Heparin


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Warfarin
Vitamin K
Lovenox


A deficiency in which of the following would lead to a hypercoagulable
state? Select all that apply.
Protein C -Vit K needed for synthesis
Protein S
Factor II – Vit K needed for synthesis
Factor VII -Vit K needed for synthesis
Factor IX- Vit K needed for synthesis
Factor X -Vit K needed for synthesis
Antithrombin III
Prothrombin Vit K needed for synthesis


Question 3
Which of the following is NOT a hypercoagulable state? Select all that
apply.
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Thrombocytopenia
Pregnancy
Oral contraceptive use


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Mutation of prothrombin gene
Mutation of factor V Leiden
Cancer


Which of the following is a hypercoagulable state? Select all that apply.
Hemophilia A
Congestive heart failure
Smoking
Thrombocytopenia
Postsurgical state


Question 4
Which of the following defects is associated with hemophilia A?
Deficiency of hemoglobin S
Deficiency of hemoglobin A
Defective gene in the X chromosome
Defective gene in the Y chromosome


Which of the following is FALSE of disseminated intravascular coagulation
(DIC)? Select all that apply.
Microthrombi cause vessel occlusion and tissue ischemia
It can cause multiple organ failure
Severe hemorrhage results
Obstetric disorders are the main cause of DIC

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Institution
Pathophysiology
Course
Pathophysiology

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