MSN 610 Cardiac Exam Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

MSN 610 Cardiac Exam Test Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct decreased potassium on EKG - ANSWER inverted T wave, U wave, depressed ST segment sodium - ANSWER for fluid balance. calcium elevated - ANSWER shortened qt segment, AV block hypocalcemia - ANSWER long ST segment cholesterol - ANSWER increased LDL and decreased HDL increase risk for ASCVD triglycerides - ANSWER increase risk for ASCVD TSH - ANSWER hyperthyroidism can contribute to development of HF hgb - ANSWER anemia may be a cause of heart disease Hct - ANSWER anemia may be a cause or result of many forms of heart disease P waves - ANSWER depolarization of the atria PR interval - ANSWER 0.12-0.2 seconds; sick sinus syndrom - ANSWER sinus arrest; SA block, persistent Bradycardia of unknown origin caused by drugs, digitalis, CCBs or antiarrythmics first degree heart block - ANSWER PR interval is longer than 0.2 seconds Second Degree Type 1 Block - ANSWER PR interval longer, and longer until QRS dropped Type 2 Heart block - ANSWER regular PR interval, QRS is dropped on a regular interval. Third Degree - ANSWER no association with atrial and ventricles Bundle Branch Block - ANSWER right and left ventricles do not beat in synch. causes widened delayed QRS sinus tachy - ANSWER heart rate >100; anemia, fever, infection, hypotension, exercise SVT - ANSWER usually due to underlying heart defect 140-240 Vtach - ANSWER 160-240 usually causes syncope EKG diagnosis of NSTEMI - ANSWER T wave inversion, ST elevation, Q waves Q wave - ANSWER appear 12-16 hours after injury indicate old injury Ddx for chest pain - ANSWER MI/angina, pericarditis, GERD, pancreatitis, pulmonary disease, cholecystitis, aneurysm angina - ANSWER chest pressure, pain, worse on exertion, horse sitting on chest pericarditis - ANSWER sharp stabbing pain worsens when leaning forwarder lying back. worse with inspiration aneurysm - ANSWER ripping in chest or back GERD - ANSWER epigastric pain with nausea pacreatitis - ANSWER slow and boring pain, can radiate to the back. UQ pain cholecystitis - ANSWER positive Murphys sign, RUQ pain grade 1 murmur - ANSWER barely audible grade 2 murmur - ANSWER soft but easily heard grade 3 - ANSWER moderately loud grade 4 - ANSWER loud, with possible thrill grade 5 - ANSWER Very loud, with thrill. May be heard when the stethoscope is partly off the chest; thrill grade 6 - ANSWER can be heard with stethoscope off chest, thrill Systolic Murmur - ANSWER heart between s1 and s2 most common type of systolic murmur - ANSWER ejection murmur physiological murmur - ANSWER systolic murmur caused by temporary increase in blood flow rather than a structural abnormality pregnancy, anemia, fever innocent murmur - ANSWER mumur not associated with an physiologic abnormality, they occur when the ejection of blood into the aorta is turbulent; common in children and young adults -go away when sitting upright Diastolic murmur - ANSWER heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling) caused by stenotic valves Describe the Cardiac Cycle - ANSWER · Blood enters the heart through the superior vena cava and the pulmonic veins. Atria builds up in pressure causing blood to go through ventricles via the tricuspid valve and mitral valve. · The closure of Tricuspid/mitral valves is s1, which is the start of systole. · As pressure builds up in the vetricles, blood is ejected via the aorta, and to the lungs. When the ventricles decrease in pressure, this causes the Aortic and pulmonic valves to close. · The closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic valves is S2. Describe the conduction system of the heart - ANSWER sinoatrial (SA) node (A), atrioventricular (AV) node (B), AV bundle (C), bundle branches (D), purkinje fibers (E) S1 - ANSWER closure the Tricuspid and Mitral Valves; start of systole S2 - ANSWER closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves S1 is heard best at - ANSWER The Apex of the heart (mitral area)/PMI S2 is heard best at - ANSWER Base of the Heart (top), aortic/pulmonic area Splitting - ANSWER valves do not close in synchrony S3 - ANSWER heart just after S2;occurs with fluid volume over load, HF S4 - ANSWER occurs just before S1; occurs when there is an extra kick needed to